{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:17:25Z","timestamp":1791328645312,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,15]],"date-time":"2011-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1302825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Cocolonization of human mucosal surfaces causes frequent encounters between various staphylococcal species, creating opportunities for the horizontal acquisition of mobile genetic elements. The majority of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            toxins and virulence factors are encoded on\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            pathogenicity islands (SaPIs). Horizontal movement of SaPIs between\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains plays a role in the evolution of virulent clinical isolates. Although there have been reports of the production of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), enterotoxin, and other superantigens by coagulase-negative staphylococci, no associated pathogenicity islands have been found in the genome of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , a generally less virulent relative of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            . We show here the first evidence of a composite\n            <jats:underline>\n              <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:underline>\n            .\n            <jats:underline>\n              <jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:underline>\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">pidermidis<\/jats:named-content>\n            <jats:underline>p<\/jats:underline>\n            athogenicity\n            <jats:underline>i<\/jats:underline>\n            sland (SePI), the product of multiple insertions in the genome of a clinical isolate. The taxonomic placement of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. epidermidis<\/jats:named-content>\n            strain FRI909 was confirmed by a number of biochemical tests and multilocus sequence typing. The genome sequence of this strain was analyzed for other unique gene clusters and their locations. This pathogenicity island encodes and expresses staphylococcal enterotoxin C3 (SEC3) and staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxin L (SElL), as confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting. We present here an initial characterization of this novel pathogenicity island, and we establish that it is stable, expresses enterotoxins, and is not obviously transmissible by phage transduction. We also describe the genome sequence, excision, replication, and packaging of a novel bacteriophage in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. epidermidis<\/jats:named-content>\n            FRI909, as well as attempts to mobilize the SePI element by this phage.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00162-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,12]],"date-time":"2011-02-12T04:52:33Z","timestamp":1297486353000},"page":"1854-1862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["An Enterotoxin-Bearing Pathogenicity Island in Staphylococcus epidermidis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Madhusoodanan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Oral Biology, NYS Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, The State University of New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keun Seok","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Remortel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville"},{"name":"Present address: Infectious Disease Program, Association of Public Health Laboratories, Silver Spring, MD."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joo Youn","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Young","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence K.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Ho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia F.","family":"Deobald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean C.","family":"Daugherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann Lindley","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Oral Biology, NYS Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, The State University of New York"},{"name":"Infectious Disease and Genomics, NYS Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, The State University of New York"},{"name":"Present address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Bohach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Oral Biology, NYS Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, The State University of New York"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology, NYS Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, The State University of New York"},{"name":"Infectious Disease and Genomics, NYS Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, The State University of New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"AusubelF. 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