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We show that both clusters are expressed simultaneously as two independent operons. The NrdEF enzyme is functionally active in vitro, while the NrdE*F* enzyme is not. The NrdF* protein lacks three of the six highly conserved iron-liganding side chains and cannot form a dinuclear iron site or a tyrosyl radical. In vivo, on the other hand, both operons are functional in heterologous complementation in\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            . The\n            <jats:italic>nrdF<\/jats:italic>\n            *\n            <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n            *\n            <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n            * operon requires the presence of the\n            <jats:italic>nrdI<\/jats:italic>\n            * gene, and the\n            <jats:italic>nrdHEF<\/jats:italic>\n            operon gained activity upon cotranscription of the heterologous\n            <jats:italic>nrdI<\/jats:italic>\n            gene from\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            , while neither\n            <jats:italic>nrdI<\/jats:italic>\n            * nor\n            <jats:italic>nrdI<\/jats:italic>\n            2 from\n            <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            rendered it active. Our results highlight the essential role of the flavodoxin NrdI protein in vivo, and we suggest that it is needed to reduce met-NrdF, thereby enabling the spontaneous reformation of the tyrosyl radical. The NrdI* flavodoxin may play a more direct role in ribonucleotide reduction by the NrdF*I*E* system. We discuss the possibility that the\n            <jats:italic>nrdF<\/jats:italic>\n            *\n            <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n            *\n            <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n            * operon has been horizontally transferred to\n            <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            from\n            <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n            spp.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00185-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,24]],"date-time":"2008-05-24T00:54:25Z","timestamp":1211590465000},"page":"4849-4858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["NrdI Essentiality for Class Ib Ribonucleotide Reduction in\n            <i>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Ignasi","family":"Roca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de Gene\u0300tica Molecular Bacteriana, Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, and Departament de Gene\u0300tica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08913 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Torrents","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de Gene\u0300tica Molecular Bacteriana, Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, and Departament de Gene\u0300tica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08913 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Scientific Park of Barcelona, Edifici He\u0300lix, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margareta","family":"Sahlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isidre","family":"Gibert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de Gene\u0300tica Molecular Bacteriana, Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, and Departament de Gene\u0300tica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08913 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britt-Marie","family":"Sjo\u0308berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7966","DOI":"10.1021\/bi036088l","volume":"43","year":"2004","unstructured":"Andersson, M. 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