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In this study, we report that a transposon insertion in the\n                    <jats:italic>waaL<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, encoding O-antigen ligase, blocked swarming motility on solid surfaces but had little effect on swimming motility in soft agar. The\n                    <jats:italic>waaL<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant was unable to differentiate into a swarmer cell. Differentiation was also prevented by a mutation in\n                    <jats:italic>wzz<\/jats:italic>\n                    , encoding a chain length determinant for O antigen, but not by a mutation in\n                    <jats:italic>wzyE<\/jats:italic>\n                    , encoding an enzyme that polymerizes enterobacterial common antigen, a surface polysaccharide different from the lipid A::core. In wild-type\n                    <jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , increased expression of the\n                    <jats:italic>flhDC<\/jats:italic>\n                    operon occurs after growth on solid surfaces and is required for the high-level expression of flagellin that is characteristic of swarmer cells. However, in both the\n                    <jats:italic>waaL<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the\n                    <jats:italic>wzz<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants, the\n                    <jats:italic>flhDC<\/jats:italic>\n                    operon was not activated during growth on agar. A loss-of-function mutation in the\n                    <jats:italic>rcsB<\/jats:italic>\n                    response regulator or overexpression of\n                    <jats:italic>flhDC<\/jats:italic>\n                    restored swarming to the\n                    <jats:italic>waaL<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant, despite the absence of O antigen. Therefore, although O antigen may serve a role in swarming by promoting wettability, the loss of O antigen blocks a regulatory pathway that links surface contact with the upregulation of\n                    <jats:italic>flhDC<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00196-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,9]],"date-time":"2010-04-09T21:09:58Z","timestamp":1270847398000},"page":"3213-3221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Loss of the WaaL O-Antigen Ligase Prevents Surface Activation of the Flagellar Gene Cascade in\n                    <i>Proteus mirabilis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Randy M.","family":"Morgenstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katy M.","family":"Clemmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip N.","family":"Rather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Research Service Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.9.3002-3012.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(01)36575-8","volume":"336","year":"2001","unstructured":"Alavi, M., and R. 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