{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T16:38:15Z","timestamp":1772210295681,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            OspZ is an effector protein of the type III secretion system in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shigella<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp. that downregulates the human inflammatory response during bacterial infection. The\n            <jats:italic>ospZ<\/jats:italic>\n            gene is located on the large virulence plasmid of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shigella<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Many genes on this plasmid are transcriptionally repressed by the nucleoid structuring protein H-NS and derepressed by VirB, a DNA-binding protein that displays homology to the plasmid partitioning proteins ParB and SopB. In this study, we characterized the\n            <jats:italic>ospZ<\/jats:italic>\n            promoter and investigated its regulation by H-NS and VirB in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shigella flexneri<\/jats:named-content>\n            . We show that H-NS represses and VirB partially derepresses the\n            <jats:italic>ospZ<\/jats:italic>\n            promoter. H-NS-mediated repression requires sequences located between \u2212731 and \u2212412 relative to the beginning of the\n            <jats:italic>ospZ<\/jats:italic>\n            gene. Notably, the VirB-dependent derepression of\n            <jats:italic>ospZ<\/jats:italic>\n            requires the same VirB binding sites as are required for the VirB-dependent derepression of the divergent\n            <jats:italic>icsP<\/jats:italic>\n            gene. These sites are centered 425 bp upstream of the\n            <jats:italic>ospZ<\/jats:italic>\n            gene but over 1 kb upstream of the\n            <jats:italic>icsP<\/jats:italic>\n            transcription start site. Although these VirB binding sites lie closer to\n            <jats:italic>ospZ<\/jats:italic>\n            than\n            <jats:italic>icsP<\/jats:italic>\n            , the VirB-dependent increase in\n            <jats:italic>ospZ<\/jats:italic>\n            promoter activity is lower than that observed at the\n            <jats:italic>icsP<\/jats:italic>\n            promoter. This indicates that the proximity of VirB binding sites to\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shigella<\/jats:named-content>\n            promoters does not necessarily correlate with the level of VirB-dependent derepression. These findings have implications for virulence gene regulation in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shigella<\/jats:named-content>\n            and other pathogens that control gene expression using mechanisms of transcriptional repression and derepression.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00212-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,30]],"date-time":"2013-03-30T01:15:12Z","timestamp":1364606112000},"page":"2562-2572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Characterization of the\n            <i>ospZ<\/i>\n            Promoter in Shigella flexneri and Its Regulation by VirB and H-NS"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"David W.","family":"Basta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krystle L.","family":"Pew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joy A.","family":"Immak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromichi S.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Picker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda F.","family":"Wigley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher T.","family":"Hensley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaclyn S.","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth L.","family":"Hartland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen J.","family":"Wing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00210.x","article-title":"A dual transcriptional activation system for the 230 kb plasmid genes coding for virulence-associated antigens of Shigella flexneri","volume":"3","author":"Adler B","year":"1989","unstructured":"AdlerB SasakawaC TobeT MakinoS KomatsuK YoshikawaM. 1989. 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