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To effectively adapt to these unique environments, the bacterium alters the expression of numerous genes, including several major outer surface (lipo)proteins that are required for infection and transmission. An enhancer-binding protein (EBP), known as Rrp2, is one identified activator of the RpoN\/RpoS alternative sigma factor cascade. Because initial efforts to generate an\n            <jats:italic>rrp2<\/jats:italic>\n            deletion strain were unsuccessful, the role of Rrp2 in the activation of the RpoN\/RpoS pathway was first defined using a strain of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            carrying an\n            <jats:italic>rrp2<\/jats:italic>\n            point mutant that was defective in its ability to activate RpoN-dependent transcription. The fact that subsequent attempts to disrupt\n            <jats:italic>rrp2<\/jats:italic>\n            have also been unsuccessful has led investigators to hypothesize that Rrp2 has other undefined functions which are essential for\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            survival and independent of its EBP function. We used a\n            <jats:italic>lac<\/jats:italic>\n            -based inducible expression system to generate a conditional\n            <jats:italic>rrp2<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant in virulent\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            . In this strain, an isopropyl-\u03b2-\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -thiogalactopyranoside-inducible copy of the\n            <jats:italic>rrp2<\/jats:italic>\n            gene is expressed in\n            <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\n            from a borrelial shuttle vector. We found that the chromosomal copy of\n            <jats:italic>rrp2<\/jats:italic>\n            could be inactivated only when\n            <jats:italic>rrp2<\/jats:italic>\n            was induced, and the maintenance of\n            <jats:italic>rrp2<\/jats:italic>\n            expression was required for the growth of the mutants. In addition, the overexpression of\n            <jats:italic>rrp2<\/jats:italic>\n            is detrimental to\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            growth in a manner that is independent of the RpoN\/RpoS pathway. These studies provide the first direct evidence that\n            <jats:italic>rrp2<\/jats:italic>\n            is an essential gene in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00253-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,29]],"date-time":"2012-04-29T00:14:06Z","timestamp":1335658446000},"page":"3336-3342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Rrp2, a Prokaryotic Enhancer-Like Binding Protein, Is Essential for Viability of Borrelia burgdorferi"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Ashley M.","family":"Groshong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nora E.","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"X. Frank","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon S.","family":"Blevins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.3.1222-1230.2000","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi gene expression in vivo and spirochete pathogenicity","volume":"68","author":"Anguita J","year":"2000","unstructured":"AnguitaJ . 2000. Borrelia burgdorferi gene expression in vivo and spirochete pathogenicity. Infect. Immun. 68:1222\u20131230.","journal-title":"Infect. 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