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Virulence is also dependent upon the expression of adhesive pili and afimbrial adhesins that allow the pathogen to adhere to the intestinal epithelium or mucosa. Both types of enterotoxins are regulated at the level of transcription by cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (CRP). To further our understanding of virulence gene regulation, an<jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>approach was used to identify putative CRP binding sites in the genome of<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"gen\" xlink:href=\"H10407\">H10407<\/jats:ext-link>(O78:H11), an ETEC strain that was originally isolated from the stool of a Bangledeshi patient with cholera-like symptoms circa 1971. One of the predicted binding sites was located within an intergenic region upstream of<jats:italic>tibDBCA<\/jats:italic>. TibA is an autotransporter and afimbrial adhesin that is glycosylated by TibC. Expression of the TibA glycoprotein was abolished in an<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"gen\" xlink:href=\"H10407\">H10407<\/jats:ext-link><jats:italic>crp<\/jats:italic>mutant and restored when<jats:italic>crp<\/jats:italic>was provided in<jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>. TibA-dependent aggregation was also abolished in a<jats:italic>cyaA<\/jats:italic>::<jats:italic>kan<\/jats:italic>strain and restored by addition of exogenous cAMP to the growth medium. DNase I footprinting confirmed that the predicted site upstream of<jats:italic>tibDBCA<\/jats:italic>is bound by CRP. Point mutations within the CRP binding site were found to abolish or significantly impair CRP-dependent activation of the<jats:italic>tibDB<\/jats:italic>promoter. Thus, these studies demonstrate that CRP positively regulates the expression of the glycosylated afimbrial adhesin TibA through occupancy of a binding site within<jats:italic>tibDBp<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00288-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,8]],"date-time":"2011-01-08T04:16:34Z","timestamp":1294460194000},"page":"1369-1376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The<i>tib<\/i>Adherence Locus of Enterotoxigenic<i>Escherichia coli<\/i>Is Regulated by Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Shirley M.","family":"Espert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Elsinghorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George P.","family":"Munson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"36","volume":"11","year":"2004","unstructured":"Abramoff, M. 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