{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:04:33Z","timestamp":1777593873183,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]],"date-time":"2009-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Pseudomonas reinekei<\/jats:italic>MT1 has previously been reported to degrade 4- and 5-chlorosalicylate by a pathway with 4-chlorocatechol, 3-chloromuconate, 4-chloromuconolactone, and maleylacetate as intermediates, and a gene cluster channeling various salicylates into an intradiol cleavage route has been reported. We now report that during growth on 5-chlorosalicylate, besides a novel (chloro)catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, C12O<jats:sub>ccaA<\/jats:sub>, a novel (chloro)muconate cycloisomerase, MCI<jats:sub>ccaB<\/jats:sub>, which showed features not yet reported, was induced. This cycloisomerase, which was practically inactive with muconate, evolved for the turnover of 3-substituted muconates and transforms 3-chloromuconate into equal amounts of<jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>-dienelactone and protoanemonin, suggesting that it is a functional intermediate between chloromuconate cycloisomerases and muconate cycloisomerases. The corresponding genes,<jats:italic>ccaA<\/jats:italic>(C12O<jats:sub>ccaA<\/jats:sub>) and<jats:italic>ccaB<\/jats:italic>(MCI<jats:sub>ccaB<\/jats:sub>), were located in a 5.1-kb genomic region clustered with genes encoding<jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>-dienelactone hydrolase (<jats:italic>ccaC<\/jats:italic>) and maleylacetate reductase (<jats:italic>ccaD<\/jats:italic>) and a putative regulatory gene,<jats:italic>ccaR<\/jats:italic>, homologous to regulators of the IclR-type family. Thus, this region includes genes sufficient to enable MT1 to transform 4-chlorocatechol to 3-oxoadipate. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C12O<jats:sub>ccaA<\/jats:sub>and MCI<jats:sub>ccaB<\/jats:sub>are only distantly related to previously described catechol 1,2-dioxygenases and muconate cycloisomerases. Kinetic analysis indicated that MCI<jats:sub>ccaB<\/jats:sub>and the previously identified C12O<jats:sub>salD<\/jats:sub>, rather than C12O<jats:sub>ccaA<\/jats:sub>, are crucial for 5-chlorosalicylate degradation. Thus, MT1 uses enzymes encoded by a completely novel gene cluster for degradation of chlorosalicylates, which, together with a gene cluster encoding enzymes for channeling salicylates into the<jats:italic>ortho<\/jats:italic>-cleavage pathway, form an effective pathway for 4- and 5-chlorosalicylate mineralization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00331-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,23]],"date-time":"2009-05-23T01:46:32Z","timestamp":1243043192000},"page":"4905-4915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Characterization of a Gene Cluster Involved in 4-Chlorocatechol Degradation by<i>Pseudomonas reinekei<\/i>MT1"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Ca\u0301mara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Pathogenesis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Nikodem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Pathogenesis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Bielecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Biotechnology, HZI Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstra\u00dfe 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Bobadilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Prevencio\u0301n de Riesgos y Medio Ambiente Universidad Tecnolo\u0301gica Metropolitana, Dieciocho No. 390, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Junca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Pathogenesis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dietmar H.","family":"Pieper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Pathogenesis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"3452","volume":"181","year":"1999","unstructured":"Armengaud, J., K. 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