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Unique to RF species, and little characterized to date, are large linear plasmids of \u223c160 kb, or \u223c10% of the genome. By a combination of Sanger and next-generation methods, we determined the sequences of large linear plasmids of two New World species:\n            <jats:italic>Borrelia hermsii<\/jats:italic>\n            , to completion of its 174-kb length, and\n            <jats:italic>B. turicatae<\/jats:italic>\n            , partially to 114 kb of its 150 kb. These sequences were then compared to corresponding sequences of the Old World species\n            <jats:italic>B. duttonii<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>B. recurrentis<\/jats:italic>\n            and to plasmid sequences of LD\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Borrelia<\/jats:named-content>\n            species. The large plasmids were largely colinear, except for their left ends, about 27 kb of which was inverted in New World species. Approximately 60% of the\n            <jats:italic>B. hermsii<\/jats:italic>\n            lp174 plasmid sequence was repetitive for 6 types of sequence, and half of its open reading frames encoded hypothetical proteins not discernibly similar to proteins in the database. The central \u223c25 kb of all 4 linear plasmids was syntenic for orthologous genes for plasmid maintenance or partitioning in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Borrelia<\/jats:named-content>\n            species. Of all the sequenced linear and circular plasmids in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Borrelia<\/jats:named-content>\n            species, the large plasmid's putative partition\/replication genes were most similar to those of the 54-kb linear plasmids of LD species. Further evidence for shared ancestry was the observation that two of the hypothetical proteins were predicted to be structurally similar to the LD species' CspA proteins, which are encoded on the 54-kb plasmids.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00347-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,8]],"date-time":"2013-06-08T01:45:39Z","timestamp":1370655939000},"page":"3629-3639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Large Linear Plasmids of Borrelia Species That Cause Relapsing Fever"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Shelley Campeau","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medicine, and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen F.","family":"Porcella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra J.","family":"Raffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom G.","family":"Schwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan G.","family":"Barbour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medicine, and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6981","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.13.6981","article-title":"Bacteria are different: observations, interpretations, speculations, and opinions about the mechanisms of adaptive evolution in prokaryotes","volume":"97","author":"Levin BR","year":"2000","unstructured":"LevinBRBergstromCT. 2000. 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