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This zoonotic and intracellular pathogen is exposed to diverse environmental and host stress factors that require an appropriate response to survive. However, the stress tolerance mechanisms used by\n              <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n              to persist are not fully understood. To address this aspect, we evaluated the highly conserved\n              <jats:underline>u<\/jats:underline>\n              niversal\n              <jats:underline>s<\/jats:underline>\n              tress\n              <jats:underline>p<\/jats:underline>\n              rotein (Usp) that is encoded by a single-copy gene in\n              <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n              , unlike the majority of other bacterial pathogens that produce several to many Usp homologs. We determined that the\n              <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n              Usp transcript is unusually stable with a half-life of over 30 minutes, and that\n              <jats:italic>usp<\/jats:italic>\n              transcript and protein levels remained abundant when exposed to low pH, nutrient deprivation, hydrogen peroxide, and paraquat. Of these and other stress conditions evaluated, the\n              <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n              \u0394\n              <jats:italic>usp<\/jats:italic>\n              mutant only exhibited reduced survival relative to the wild type during stationary phase and exposure to paraquat, a highly toxic compound that generates superoxide anions and other free radicals. Comparison of transcript levels in untreated and paraquat-treated\n              <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n              wild type and \u0394\n              <jats:italic>usp<\/jats:italic>\n              indicated that Usp contributes to enhanced expression of antioxidant defense genes,\n              <jats:italic>oxyR<\/jats:italic>\n              and\n              <jats:italic>katG<\/jats:italic>\n              . In summary, the high abundance and stability of Usp provide prompt protection during extended periods of growth arrest and free radical exposure, promoting\n              <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n              persistence. We propose that\n              <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n              Usp contributes to an adaptive response that prolongs viability and increases the longevity of this zoonotic pathogen in the environment.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Francisella tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n              is classified as a Tier 1 select agent due to the low infectious dose, ease of transmission, and potential use as a bioweapon. To better understand the stress defense mechanisms that contribute to the ability of this highly virulent pathogen to persist, we evaluated the conserved\n              <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:underline>u<\/jats:underline>\n              niversal\n              <jats:underline>s<\/jats:underline>\n              tress\n              <jats:underline>p<\/jats:underline>\n              rotein (Usp). We show that\n              <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n              Usp is unusually stable and remains abundant, regardless of the stress conditions tested, differing from other bacterial Usp homologs. We also determined that\n              <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n              Usp enhances the expression of several critical antioxidant defense genes and increases survival during paraquat exposure and growth arrest. Determining the factors that promote\n              <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n              persistence in the environment is needed to prevent tularemia transmission.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00377-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T14:01:43Z","timestamp":1737640903000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Francisella tularensis<\/i>\n            universal stress protein contributes to persistence during growth arrest and paraquat-induced superoxide stress"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"207","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Girardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center","place":["Omaha, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinshi","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center","place":["Omaha, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oksana","family":"Lockridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center","place":["Omaha, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Bartling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center","place":["Omaha, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence M.","family":"Schopfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center","place":["Omaha, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0430-8216","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Augusto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center","place":["Omaha, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0633-0313","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marilynn A.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center","place":["Omaha, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"1991","volume-title":"Molecular medical microbiology","author":"Johansson A-L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Johansson A-L, Noppa L, Salomonsson EN, Forsberg \u00c5. 2015. 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