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This review traces how\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      , first discovered in the 19th century through investigations of human and bovine disease, became a modern experimental model system. Work on\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      has illuminated how intracellular bacteria evade and adapt to host defenses and how they remodel host cell biology to establish a replicative niche. It has also yielded insights that extend beyond pathogenesis into bacterial cell envelope architecture and development. Though long regarded as a small, homogeneous group of mammalian pathogens, the genus has expanded in recent years as \u201cnon-classical\u201d\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      have been isolated from unexpected animal hosts, opening new opportunities to understand the fascinating host preferences and evolutionary history of these closely related Alphaproteobacteria. More than a century after their discovery,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species remain versatile models for the study of intracellular infection, bacterial cell biology, and physiology, and the evolution of host association.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00404-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:49:52Z","timestamp":1791899392000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The evolution of\n                    <i>Brucella<\/i>\n                    as a model intracellular pathogen"],"prefix":"10.1128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7171-6826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeannette E.","family":"Farnham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05hs6h993","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology, Genetics & Immunology, Michigan State University","place":["East Lansing, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1727-322X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sean","family":"Crosson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05hs6h993","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology, Genetics & Immunology, Michigan State University","place":["East Lansing, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"161","article-title":"Note on the discovery of a microorganism in Malta fever","volume":"39","author":"Bruce D","year":"1887","unstructured":"Bruce D. 1887. 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