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Composed of three modules, OI-122 may occur as \u201ccomplete\u201d (with all three modules) or \u201cincomplete\u201d (with one or two modules) in different strains. OI-122 encodes two non-LEE effector (Nle) molecules that are secreted by the LEE type III secretion system, and LEE and OI-122 are cointegrated in some VTEC strains. Thus, they are functionally linked, but little is known about the patterns of acquisition of these codependent islands. To examine this, we conducted a population genetics analysis, using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), with 72 VTEC strains (classified into seropathotypes A to E) and superimposed on the results the LEE and OI-122 contents of these organisms. The wide distribution of LEE and OI-122 modules among MLST clonal groups corroborates the hypothesis that there has been lateral transfer of both pathogenicity islands. Sequence analysis of a<jats:italic>pagC<\/jats:italic>-like gene in OI-122 module 1 also revealed two nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms that could help discriminate a subset of seropathotype C strains and determine the presence of the LEE. A nonsense mutation was found in this gene in five less virulent strains, consistent with a decaying or inactive gene. The modular nature of OI-122 could be explained by the acquisition of modules by lateral transfer, either singly or as a group, and by degeneration of genes within modules. Correlations between clonal group, seropathotype, and LEE and OI-122 content provide insight into the role of genomic islands in VTEC evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00480-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,28]],"date-time":"2008-06-28T00:55:09Z","timestamp":1214614509000},"page":"5832-5840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Genomic O Island 122, Locus for Enterocyte Effacement, and the Evolution of Virulent Verocytotoxin-Producing<i>Escherichia coli<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Paulina","family":"Konczy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 3W4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Ziebell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 3W4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariola","family":"Mascarenhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 3W4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aileen","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 3W4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Michaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 3W4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Kropinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 3W4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas S.","family":"Whittam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Evolution Laboratory, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Wickham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of British Columbia, Michael Smith Laboratories, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Finlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of British Columbia, Michael Smith Laboratories, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Karmali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 3W4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01558.x","volume":"33","year":"1999","unstructured":"Abe, A., M. de Grado, R. 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