{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:56:15Z","timestamp":1790283375600,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Many species of bacteria use a cell-cell communication system called quorum sensing (QS) to coordinate group activities. QS systems frequently regulate the production of exoproducts. Some of these products, such as proteases, are \u201cpublic goods\u201d that are shared among the population and vulnerable to cheating by nonproducing members of the population. Because the QS system of the opportunistic pathogen\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            regulates several public goods, it can serve as a model for studying cooperation. Bacteria also commonly regulate antimicrobial production through QS. In this study, we focused on the hypothesis that QS-regulated antimicrobials may be important for\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            to protect against cheating by another bacterial species,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Burkholderia multivorans.<\/jats:named-content>\n            We assessed laboratory cocultures of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. multivorans<\/jats:named-content>\n            and investigated the importance of three\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            QS-regulated antimicrobials, hydrogen cyanide, rhamnolipids, and phenazines, for competition. We found that\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            dominates cocultures with\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. multivorans<\/jats:named-content>\n            and that the three antimicrobials together promote\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            competitiveness, with hydrogen cyanide contributing the greatest effect. We show that these QS-regulated antimicrobials are also critical for\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            to prevent\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. multivorans<\/jats:named-content>\n            from cheating under nutrient conditions where both species require a\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            quorum-regulated protease for growth. Together our results highlight the importance of antimicrobials in protecting cooperating populations from exploitation by other species that can act as cheaters.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            Cooperative behaviors are threatened by social cheating, wherein individuals do not produce but nonetheless benefit from shared public goods. Bacteria have been shown to use several genetic mechanisms to restrain the emergence of cheaters from within the population, but public goods might also be used by other bacterial species in the vicinity. We demonstrate that a public good produced by\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            can be used by another species,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Burkholderia multivorans<\/jats:named-content>\n            , to obtain carbon and energy. We also show that\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            antimicrobials that are coregulated with the public good prevent invasion by the cheating species. Our results demonstrate that cross-species cheating can occur and that coregulation of public goods with antimicrobials may stabilize cooperative behavior in mixed microbial communities.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00482-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]],"date-time":"2015-07-21T02:05:28Z","timestamp":1437444328000},"page":"3154-3159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Quorum Sensing Protects Pseudomonas aeruginosa against Cheating by Other Species in a Laboratory Coculture Model"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"197","author":[{"given":"Nicole E.","family":"Smalley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingding","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Parsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine R.","family":"Chandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajai A.","family":"Dandekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.2.269-275.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2001.tb00583.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.1.197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.5.1490"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2006.01.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.7.2066-2079.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06279"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705653104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00200-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-143-12-3703"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.18.5756-5767.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.24.6940-6949.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511323103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.69"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.074203-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.58.8.2616-2624.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01708-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"195","article-title":"Quorum sensing dependent production of antimicrobial component influences establishment of E. coli in dual species biofilms with Serratia plymuthica","volume":"70","author":"Moons P","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moons P, Van Houdt R, Aertsen A, Vanoirbeek K, Michiels CW. 2005. 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