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To investigate the molecular basis of bile acid resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>L. lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and to evaluate the contribution of efflux-based mechanisms in this process, the drug-sensitive\n                    <jats:italic>L. lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                    NZ9000 \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>lmrCD<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain was challenged with cholate. A resistant strain was obtained that, compared to the parental strain, showed (i) significantly improved resistance toward several bile acids but not to drugs, (ii) morphological changes, and (iii) an altered susceptibility to antimicrobial peptides. Transcriptome and transport analyses suggest that the acquired resistance is unrelated to elevated transport activity but, instead, results from a multitude of stress responses, changes to the cell envelope, and metabolic changes. In contrast, wild-type cells induce the expression of\n                    <jats:italic>lmrCD<\/jats:italic>\n                    upon exposure to cholate, whereupon the cholate is actively extruded from the cells. Together, these data suggest a central role for an efflux-based mechanism in bile acid resistance and implicate LmrCD as the main system responsible in\n                    <jats:italic>L. lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00485-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,12]],"date-time":"2008-09-12T20:44:14Z","timestamp":1221252254000},"page":"7357-7366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The ABC-Type Multidrug Resistance Transporter LmrCD Is Responsible for an Extrusion-Based Mechanism of Bile Acid Resistance in\n                    <i>Lactococcus lactis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Arsalan Haseeb","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Bakkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Lubelski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and the Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Microorganisms, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herfita","family":"Agustiandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oscar P.","family":"Kuipers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and the Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Microorganisms, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnold J. 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