{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T02:36:37Z","timestamp":1788575797177,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]],"date-time":"2012-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1350259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>In bacteria, nutrient deprivation evokes the stringent response, which is mediated by the small intracellular signaling molecule ppGpp. In Gram negatives, the RelA enzyme synthesizes and SpoT hydrolyzes ppGpp, although the latter protein also has weak synthetase activity. DksA, a recently identified RNA polymerase binding transcription factor, acts as a coregulator along with ppGpp for controlling the stringent response. Recently, we have shown that three genes,<jats:italic>relA<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>spoT<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>relV<\/jats:italic>, govern cellular levels of ppGpp during various starvation stresses in the Gram-negative cholera pathogen<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:named-content>. Here we report functional characterization of the<jats:italic>dksA<\/jats:italic>gene of<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>(<jats:italic>dksA<jats:sub>Vc<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>), coding for the protein DksA<jats:sub>Vc<\/jats:sub>. Extensive genetic analyses of the \u0394<jats:italic>dksA<jats:sub>Vc<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>mutants suggest that DksA<jats:sub>Vc<\/jats:sub>is an important component involved in the stringent response in<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>. Further analysis of mutants revealed that DksA<jats:sub>Vc<\/jats:sub>positively regulates various virulence-related processes, namely, motility, expression of the major secretory protease, called hemagglutinin protease (HAP), and production of cholera toxin (CT), under<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>conditions. We found that DksA<jats:sub>Vc<\/jats:sub>upregulates expression of the sigma factor FliA (\u03c3<jats:sup>28<\/jats:sup>), a critical regulator of motility in<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>. Altogether, it appears that apart from stringent-response regulation, DksA<jats:sub>Vc<\/jats:sub>also has important roles in fine regulation of virulence-related phenotypes of<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00518-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,18]],"date-time":"2012-08-18T04:56:31Z","timestamp":1345265791000},"page":"5638-5648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Functional Characterization of the Stringent Response Regulatory Gene<i>dksA<\/i>of Vibrio cholerae and Its Role in Modulation of Virulence Phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Ritesh Ranjan","family":"Pal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satyabrata","family":"Bag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shreya","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhabatosh","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupak K.","family":"Bhadra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01410-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00401-5","article-title":"Structural basis for transcription regulation by alarmone ppGpp","volume":"117","author":"Artsimovitch I","year":"2004","unstructured":"ArtsimovitchI . 2004. 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