{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T13:06:23Z","timestamp":1775999183675,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]],"date-time":"2016-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AI044239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI044239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37-AI033493"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37-AI033493"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AI097157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI097157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21-AI099539"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21-AI099539"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32-AI055379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32-AI055379"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Key steps in bacterial cell division are the synthesis and subsequent hydrolysis of septal peptidoglycan (PG), which allow efficient separation of daughter cells. Extensive studies in the Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>have revealed that this hydrolysis is highly regulated spatially and temporally.<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>is an obligate Gram-negative, diplococcal pathogen and is the only causative agent of the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. We investigated how cell separation proceeds in this diplococcal organism. We demonstrated that deletion of the<jats:italic>nlpD<\/jats:italic>gene in strain FA1090 leads to poor growth and to an altered colony and cell morphology. An isopropyl-beta-<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-galactopyranoside (IPTG)-regulated<jats:italic>nlpD<\/jats:italic>complemented construct can restore these defects only when IPTG is supplied in the growth medium. Thin-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the<jats:italic>nlpD<\/jats:italic>mutant strain grew in large clumps containing live and dead bacteria, which was consistent with deficient cell separation. Biochemical analyses of purified NlpD protein showed that it was able to bind purified PG. Finally, we showed that, although NlpD has no hydrolase activity itself, NlpD potentiates the hydrolytic activity of AmiC. These results indicate that<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>NlpD is required for proper cell growth and division through its interactions with the amidase AmiC.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold><jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>is the sole causative agent of the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. The incidence of antibiotic-resistant gonococcal infections has risen sharply in recent years, and<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>has been classified as a \u201csuperbug\u201d by the CDC. Since there is a dearth of new antibiotics to combat gonococcal infections, elucidating the essential cellular process of<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>may point to new targets for antimicrobial therapies. Cell division and separation is one such essential process. We identified and characterized the gonococcal<jats:italic>nlpD<\/jats:italic>gene and showed that it is essential for cell separation. In contrast to other pathogenic bacteria, the gonococcal system is streamlined and does not appear to have any redundancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00540-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]],"date-time":"2015-11-17T02:58:53Z","timestamp":1447729133000},"page":"615-622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The Gonococcal NlpD Protein Facilitates Cell Separation by Activating Peptidoglycan Cleavage by AmiC"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Stohl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Lenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Department of Medical Microbiology &amp; Immunology, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Dillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Department of Medical Microbiology &amp; Immunology, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8651-0375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. 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