{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T14:43:10Z","timestamp":1775313790514,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIA-AI001030-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIA-AI001030-11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIA-DK033007-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIA-DK033007-14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Anthrax toxin activator (AtxA) regulates the major virulence genes in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            . The bacterium produces the anthrax toxins, and understanding the mechanism of toxin production may facilitate the development of therapeutics for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection. Since the discovery of AtxA 25\u2009years ago, the mechanism by which it regulates its targets has largely remained a mystery. Here, we provide evidence that AtxA binds to the promoter region of the\n            <jats:italic>pagA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene encoding the main central protective antigen (PA) component of the anthrax toxin. These data suggest that AtxA binding plays a direct role in gene regulation. Our work also assists in clarifying the role of CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            in AtxA\u2019s gene regulation and provides more evidence for the role of AtxA phosphorylation in virulence gene regulation.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00569-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T10:06:25Z","timestamp":1569405985000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Bacillus anthracis Virulence Regulator AtxA Binds Specifically to the\n            <i>pagA<\/i>\n            Promoter Region"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"201","author":[{"given":"Rita M.","family":"McCall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Sievers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasem","family":"Fattah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Ghirlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrei P.","family":"Pomerantsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen H.","family":"Leppla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2006.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-382219-2.00282-9","volume-title":"Handbook of proteolytic enzymes","author":"Leppla SH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leppla SH. 2013. Chapter 281\u2013anthrax lethal factor, p 1257\u20131261. In Rawlings ND, Salvesen GS (ed), Handbook of proteolytic enzymes, 3rd ed. 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