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To better understand the differences between the two systems and how they are optimally tuned, we determined the cellular stoichiometry of the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) and the histidine kinase CheA in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. meliloti<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Quantitative immunoblotting was used to determine the total amount of MCPs and CheA per cell in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. meliloti<\/jats:named-content>\n            . The MCPs are present in the cell in high abundance (McpV), low abundance (IcpA, McpU, McpX, and McpW), and very low abundance (McpY and McpZ), whereas McpT was below the detection limit. The approximate cellular ratio of these three receptor groups is 300:30:1. The chemoreceptor-to-CheA ratio is 23.5:1, highly similar to that seen in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:named-content>\n            (23:1) and about 10 times higher than that in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            (3.4:1). Different from\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            , the high-abundance receptors in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. meliloti<\/jats:named-content>\n            are lacking the carboxy-terminal NWETF pentapeptide that binds the CheR methyltransferase and CheB methylesterase. Using transcriptional\n            <jats:italic>lacZ<\/jats:italic>\n            fusions, we showed that chemoreceptors are positively controlled by the master regulators of motility, VisNR and Rem. In addition, FlbT, a class IIA transcriptional regulator of flagellins, also positively regulates the expression of most chemoreceptors except for McpT and McpY, identifying chemoreceptors as class III genes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the chemosensory complex and the adaptation system in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. meliloti<\/jats:named-content>\n            deviates significantly from the established enterobacterial paradigm but shares some similarities with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. subtilis<\/jats:named-content>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            The symbiotic soil bacterium\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Sinorhizobium meliloti<\/jats:named-content>\n            is of great agricultural importance because of its nitrogen-fixing properties, which enhances growth of its plant symbiont, alfalfa. Chemotaxis provides a competitive advantage for bacteria to sense their environment and interact with their eukaryotic hosts. For a better understanding of the role of chemotaxis in these processes, detailed knowledge on the regulation and composition of the chemosensory machinery is essential. Here, we show that chemoreceptor gene expression in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. meliloti<\/jats:named-content>\n            is controlled through the main transcriptional regulators of motility. Chemoreceptor abundance is much lower in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. meliloti<\/jats:named-content>\n            than in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Moreover, the chemoreceptor-to-kinase CheA ratio is different from that of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            but similar to that of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. subtilis<\/jats:named-content>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00614-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]],"date-time":"2017-12-21T13:12:18Z","timestamp":1513861938000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Cellular Stoichiometry of Methyl-Accepting Chemotaxis Proteins in Sinorhizobium meliloti"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"200","author":[{"given":"Hardik M.","family":"Zatakia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences I, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timofey D.","family":"Arapov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences I, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika M.","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Genetik, Universit\u00e4t Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit E.","family":"Scharf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences I, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA"},{"name":"Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Genetik, Universit\u00e4t Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.24.6865-6873.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2505"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1524"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.201100335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.01061.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2000.0590"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.169.2.514-518.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.20.6391-6399.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"183","article-title":"Sensory transduction to the flagellar motor of Sinorhizobium meliloti","volume":"4","author":"Scharf B","year":"2002","unstructured":"Scharf B, Schmitt R. 2002. 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