{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:16:39Z","timestamp":1791908199619,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]],"date-time":"2012-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a glycerol phosphate polymer, is a component of the envelope of Gram-positive bacteria that has hitherto not been identified in\n Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n , the causative agent of anthrax. LTA synthesis in\n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n and other microbes is catalyzed by the product of the\n ltaS<\/jats:italic>\n gene, a membrane protein that polymerizes polyglycerol phosphate from phosphatidyl glycerol. Here we identified four\n ltaS<\/jats:italic>\n homologues, designated\n ltaS1<\/jats:italic>\n to -\n 4<\/jats:italic>\n , in the genome of\n Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n . Polyglycerol phosphate-specific monoclonal antibodies were used to detect LTA in the envelope of\n B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n strain Sterne (pXO1\n +<\/jats:sup>\n pXO2\n \u2212<\/jats:sup>\n ) vegetative forms.\n B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n mutants lacking\n ltaS1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n ltaS2<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n ltaS3<\/jats:italic>\n , or\n ltaS4<\/jats:italic>\n did not display defects in growth or LTA synthesis. In contrast,\n B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n strains lacking both\n ltaS1<\/jats:italic>\n and\n ltaS2<\/jats:italic>\n were unable to synthesize LTA and exhibited reduced viability, altered envelope morphology, aberrant separation of vegetative forms, and decreased sporulation efficiency. Expression of\n ltaS1<\/jats:italic>\n or\n ltaS2<\/jats:italic>\n alone in\n B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n as well as in other microbes was sufficient for polyglycerol phosphate synthesis. Thus, similar to\n S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n employs LtaS enzymes to synthesize LTA, an envelope component that promotes bacterial growth and cell division.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00626-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,8]],"date-time":"2012-06-08T23:53:40Z","timestamp":1339199620000},"page":"4312-4321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Synthesis of Lipoteichoic Acids in Bacillus anthracis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Garufi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni P.","family":"Hendrickx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Beeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin W.","family":"Kern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anshika","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan G.","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Schneewind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Missiakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07688.x","article-title":"The SLH-domain protein BslO is a determinant of Bacillus anthracis chain length","volume":"81","author":"Anderson VJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"AndersonVJ KernJW McCoolJW SchneewindO MissiakasD. 2011. 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