{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:31:20Z","timestamp":1791325880946,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]],"date-time":"2015-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) of the SXT\/R391 family are the main contributors to acquired multidrug resistance in the seventh pandemic lineage of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            , the etiological agent of the diarrheal disease cholera. Conjugative transfer of SXT\/R391 ICEs is triggered by antibiotics and agents promoting DNA damage through RecA-dependent autoproteolysis of SetR, an ICE-encoded \u03bb CI-like repressor. Here, we describe the role of CroS, a distant \u03bb Cro homolog, as a key component contributing to the regulation of expression of the activator SetCD that orchestrates the expression of the conjugative transfer genes. We show that deletion of\n            <jats:italic>croS<\/jats:italic>\n            abolishes the SOS response-dependent induction of SXT despite the presence of a functional\n            <jats:italic>setR<\/jats:italic>\n            gene. Using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and\n            <jats:italic>lacZ<\/jats:italic>\n            reporter assays, we also show that CroS represses\n            <jats:italic>setR<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>setCD<\/jats:italic>\n            expression by binding to operator sites shared with SetR. Furthermore, we provide evidence of an additional operator site bound by SetR and CroS. Finally, we show that SetCD expression generates a positive feedback loop due to SXT excision and replication in a fraction of the cell population. Together, these results refine our understanding of the genetic regulation governing the propagation of major vectors of multidrug resistance.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            Healthcare systems worldwide are challenged by an alarming drug resistance crisis caused by the massive and rapid propagation of antibiotic resistance genes and the associated emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. SXT\/R391 ICEs contribute to this phenomenon not only in clinical and environmental vibrios but also in several members of the family\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n            . We have identified and characterized here the regulator CroS as a key factor in the stimulation of conjugative transfer of these ICEs in response to DNA-damaging agents. We have also untangled conflicting evidence regarding autoactivation of transfer by the master activator of SXT\/R391 ICEs, SetCD. Discovery of CroS provides a clearer and more complete understanding of the regulatory network that governs the dissemination of SXT\/R391 ICEs in bacterial populations.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00638-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]],"date-time":"2015-10-06T00:12:26Z","timestamp":1444090346000},"page":"3822-3833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A \u03bb Cro-Like Repressor Is Essential for the Induction of Conjugative Transfer of SXT\/R391 Elements in Response to DNA Damage"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"197","author":[{"given":"Dominic","family":"Poulin-Laprade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, D\u00e9partement de Biologie, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Burrus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, D\u00e9partement de Biologie, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90480-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.1.48"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.14.4157-4165.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2382"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03191.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01330.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01356","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01356-14","article-title":"Acquisition and evolution of SXT-R391 integrative conjugative elements in the seventh-pandemic Vibrio cholerae lineage","volume":"5","author":"Spagnoletti M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spagnoletti M, Ceccarelli D, Rieux A, Fondi M, Taviani E, Fani R, Colombo MM, Colwell RR, Balloux F. 2014. 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