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Some bacteriophages can confer novel bacterial phenotypes, including pathogenicity, through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The pathogenic bacterium\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Citrobacter rodentium<\/jats:named-content>\n            infects mice using mechanisms similar to those employed by human gastrointestinal pathogens, making it an important model organism. Here, we examined the 10 prophages of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. rodentium<\/jats:named-content>\n            , investigating their roles in its evolution toward virulence. We characterized \u03a6NP and \u03a6SM, two endogenous active temperate bacteriophages likely important for HGT. We showed that the 10 prophages encode predicted virulence factors and are conserved within other intestinal pathogens. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that they represent a conserved family of horizontally acquired enteric-bacterium-associated pathogenic determinants. Consequently, similar analysis of prophage elements in other pathogens might further understanding of their evolution and pathology.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00638-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]],"date-time":"2019-02-18T14:38:25Z","timestamp":1550500705000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Prophages of\n            <i>Citrobacter rodentium<\/i>\n            Represent a Conserved Family of Horizontally Acquired Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Enteric Evolution towards Pathogenicity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"201","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5345-217X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel J.","family":"Magaziner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyue","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bihe","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George P. 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