{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T09:36:11Z","timestamp":1784885771910,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]],"date-time":"2017-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Carlo and Karin Giersch Stiftung"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Kl885-7\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Kl885-7\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Sequence comparisons showed that the sulfur oxygenase reductase (SOR) of the haloalkaliphilic bacterium\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Thioalkalivibrio paradoxus<\/jats:named-content>\n            Arh 1 (\n            <jats:italic>Tp<\/jats:italic>\n            SOR) is branching deeply within dendrograms of these proteins (29 to 34% identity). A synthetic gene encoding\n            <jats:italic>Tp<\/jats:italic>\n            SOR expressed in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            resulted in a protein 14.7 \u00b1 0.9 nm in diameter and an apparent molecular mass of 556 kDa. Sulfite and thiosulfate were formed from elemental sulfur in a temperature range of 10 to 98\u00b0C (optimum temperature \u2248 80\u00b0C) and a pH range of 6 to 11.5 (optimum pH \u2248 9; 308 \u00b1 78 U\/mg of protein). Sulfide formation had a maximum specific activity of 0.03 U\/mg, or &lt;1% of the corresponding activity of other SORs. Hence, reductase activity seems not to be an integral part of the reaction mechanism.\n            <jats:italic>Tp<\/jats:italic>\n            SOR was most active at NaCl or glycine betaine concentrations of 0 to 1 M, although 0.2% of the maximal activity was detected even at 5 M NaCl and 4 M betaine. The melting point of\n            <jats:italic>Tp<\/jats:italic>\n            SOR was close to 80\u00b0C, when monitored by circular dichroism spectroscopy or differential scanning fluorimetry; however, the denaturation kinetics were slow: 55% of the residual activity remained after 25 min of incubation at 80\u00b0C. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that the active-site residue Cys\n            <jats:sub>44<\/jats:sub>\n            is essential for activity, whereas alanine mutants of the two other conserved cysteines retained about 0.5% residual activity. A model of the sulfur metabolism in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. paradoxus<\/jats:named-content>\n            is discussed.\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            Sulfur oxygenase reductases (SORs) are the only enzymes catalyzing an oxygen-dependent disproportionation of elemental sulfur and\/or polysulfides to sulfite, thiosulfate, and hydrogen sulfide. SORs are known from mesophilic and extremophilic archaea and bacteria. All SORs seem to form highly thermostable 24-subunit hollow spheres. They carry a low-potential mononuclear nonheme iron in the active site and an indispensable cysteine; however, their exact reaction mechanisms are unknown. Typically, the reductase activity of SORs is in the range of 5 to 50% of the oxygenase activity, but mutagenesis studies had so far failed to identify residues crucial for the reductase reaction. We describe here the first SOR, which is almost devoid of the reductase reaction and which comes from a haloalkaliphilic bacterium.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00675-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,6]],"date-time":"2016-12-06T03:00:37Z","timestamp":1480993237000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Sulfur Oxygenase from the Haloalkaliphilic Bacterium Thioalkalivibrio paradoxus with Atypically Low Reductase Activity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"R\u00fchl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sulfur Biochemistry and Microbial Bioenergetics, Department of Biology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"P\u00f6ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sulfur Biochemistry and Microbial Bioenergetics, Department of Biology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sulfur Biochemistry and Microbial Bioenergetics, Department of Biology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Klingl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Development, Department of Biology I, Biocenter LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnulf","family":"Kletzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sulfur Biochemistry and Microbial Bioenergetics, Department of Biology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.171.3.1638-1643.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20040003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.06531-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"7","volume-title":"The biochemistry of inorganic compounds of sulphur","author":"Roy AB","year":"1970","unstructured":"Roy AB Trudinger PA . 1970. 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