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We show that \u03b2-lactamase activity associated with<jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>is affected by two genes,<jats:italic>sigP<\/jats:italic>(BA2502) and<jats:italic>rsiP<\/jats:italic>(BA2503), predicted to encode an extracytoplasmic function sigma factor and an anti-sigma factor, respectively. Deletion of the<jats:italic>sigP<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>rsiP<\/jats:italic>locus abolished \u03b2-lactamase activity in a naturally occurring penicillin-resistant strain and had no effect on \u03b2-lactamase activity in a prototypical penicillin-susceptible strain. Complementation with<jats:italic>sigP<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>rsiP<\/jats:italic>from the penicillin-resistant strain, but not with<jats:italic>sigP<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>rsiP<\/jats:italic>from the penicillin-susceptible strain, conferred constitutive \u03b2-lactamase activity in both mutants. These results are attributed to a nucleotide deletion near the 5\u2032 end of<jats:italic>rsiP<\/jats:italic>in the penicillin-resistant strain that is predicted to result in a nonfunctional protein.<jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>B. thuringiensis sigP<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>rsiP<\/jats:italic>homologues are required for inducible penicillin resistance in these species. Expression of the<jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>or<jats:italic>B. thuringiensis sigP<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>rsiP<\/jats:italic>genes in a<jats:italic>B. anthracis sigP<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>rsiP<\/jats:italic>-null mutant confers inducible production of \u03b2-lactamase activity, suggesting that while<jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>contains the genes necessary for sensing \u03b2-lactam antibiotics, the<jats:italic>B. anthracis sigP<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>rsiP<\/jats:italic>gene products are not sufficient for<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>induction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00691-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,29]],"date-time":"2009-08-29T01:11:42Z","timestamp":1251508302000},"page":"6683-6693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["An Extracytoplasmic Function Sigma Factor Controls \u03b2-Lactamase Gene Expression in<i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>and Other<i>B<\/i><i>acillus cereus<\/i>Group Species"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Cana L.","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerrie S.","family":"Thomason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa M.","family":"Koehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.18.2449","volume":"13","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ades, S. 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