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Since repetitive DNA can facilitate adaptive genomic flexibility via increased recombination, insertion, and deletion, we searched the genomes of two\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            strains for nucleotide repeats. We discovered a family of genes with extensive repetitive DNA that we have termed the\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            RD gene family. Each gene of this family is composed of a conserved 3\u2032 region, a variable mid-region encoding 7 and 11 amino acid repeats, and a 5\u2032 region containing one of two possible alleles. Analysis of five complete genome sequences and PCR genotyping of 42\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            strains revealed extensive variation between strains in the number, location, and arrangement of RD genes. Furthermore, examination of multiple strains isolated from a single subject's stomach revealed intrahost variation in repeat number and composition. Despite prior evidence that the protein products of this gene family are expressed at the bacterial cell surface, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot studies revealed no consistent seroreactivity to a recombinant RD protein by\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            -positive hosts. The pattern of repeats uncovered in the RD gene family appears to reflect slipped-strand mispairing or domain duplication, allowing for redundancy and subsequent diversity in genotype and phenotype. This novel family of hypervariable genes with conserved, repetitive, and allelic domains may represent an important locus for understanding\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            persistence in its natural host.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00706-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,12]],"date-time":"2009-09-12T01:12:41Z","timestamp":1252717961000},"page":"6900-6910","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Repeat-Associated Plasticity in the\n            <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n            RD Gene Family"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Joshua R.","family":"Shak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York"},{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan J.","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York"},{"name":"Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Meinersmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillermo I.","family":"Perez-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Blaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkf391","volume":"30","year":"2002","unstructured":"Achaz, G., E. 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