{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T19:00:01Z","timestamp":1788202801701,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,15]],"date-time":"2006-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1158278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Utilization of heme by bacteria as a nutritional iron source involves the transport of exogenous heme, followed by cleavage of the heme macrocycle to release iron.<jats:italic>Bradyrhizobium japonicum<\/jats:italic>can use heme as an iron source, but no heme-degrading oxygenase has been described. Here, bioinformatics analyses of the<jats:italic>B. japonicum<\/jats:italic>genome identified two paralogous genes renamed<jats:italic>hmuQ<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>bll7075<\/jats:italic>) and<jats:italic>hmuD<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>bll7423<\/jats:italic>) that encode proteins with weak similarity to the heme-degrading monooxygenase IsdG from<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>. The<jats:italic>hmuQ<\/jats:italic>gene is clustered with known heme transport genes in the genome. Recombinant HmuQ bound heme with a<jats:italic>K<jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>value of 0.8 \u03bcM and showed spectral properties consistent with a heme oxygenase. In the presence of a reductant, HmuQ catalyzed the degradation of heme and the formation of biliverdin. The<jats:italic>hmuQ<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>hmuD<\/jats:italic>genes complemented a<jats:italic>Corynebacterium ulcerans<\/jats:italic>heme oxygenase mutant in<jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>for utilization of heme as the sole iron source for growth. Furthermore, homologs of<jats:italic>hmuQ<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>hmuD<\/jats:italic>were identified in many bacterial genera, and the recombinant homolog from<jats:italic>Brucella melitensis<\/jats:italic>bound heme and catalyzed its degradation. The findings show that<jats:italic>hmuQ<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>hmuD<\/jats:italic>encode heme oxygenases and indicate that the IsdG family of heme-degrading monooxygenases is not restricted to gram-positive pathogenic bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00737-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,4]],"date-time":"2006-09-04T18:33:38Z","timestamp":1157394818000},"page":"6476-6482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["The<i>hmuQ<\/i>and<i>hmuD<\/i>Genes from<i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum<\/i>Encode Heme-Degrading Enzymes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Sumant","family":"Puri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"O'Brian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-6445(03)00055-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D138","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh121","volume":"32","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bateman, A., L. 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