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A strain with enhanced biofilm-forming ability was recovered after a nine-month chronic-carriage mouse study. After sequencing this strain and recreating some of the mutations, we could not duplicate the phenotype. The isolate did show a difference in flagella, a preference to bind to cholesterol, and a systemic virulence defect. Finally, gallbladder conditions were simulated\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            . After 60\u2009days, there was a 4.5-fold increase in hyperbiofilm isolates when a gallstone was present. These results indicate that\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. can undergo genetic changes that improve persistence in gallbladder albeit at the cost of decreased virulence.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00774-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T10:42:41Z","timestamp":1554806561000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Pathoadaptive Alteration of\n            <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n            Biofilm Formation in Response to the Gallbladder Environment"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"201","author":[{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Neiger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan F.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Gonzalez-Escobedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harkness","family":"Kuck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Gunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"346","article-title":"The global burden of typhoid fever","volume":"82","author":"Crump JA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Crump JA, Luby SP, Mintz ED. 2004. 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