{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T10:30:42Z","timestamp":1749033042127},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Transcription of the\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            structural genes for the anthrax toxin proteins and biosynthetic operon for capsule is positively regulated by AtxA, a transcription regulator with unique properties. Consistent with the role of\n            <jats:italic>atxA<\/jats:italic>\n            in virulence factor expression, a\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis atxA<\/jats:italic>\n            -null mutant is avirulent in a murine model for anthrax. In culture, multiple signals impact\n            <jats:italic>atxA<\/jats:italic>\n            transcript levels, and the timing and steady-state level of\n            <jats:italic>atxA<\/jats:italic>\n            expression are critical for optimal toxin and capsule synthesis. Despite the apparent complex control of\n            <jats:italic>atxA<\/jats:italic>\n            transcription, only one\n            <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\n            -acting protein, the transition state regulator AbrB, has been demonstrated to interact directly with the\n            <jats:italic>atxA<\/jats:italic>\n            promoter. Here we employ 5\u2032 and 3\u2032 deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis of the\n            <jats:italic>atxA<\/jats:italic>\n            control region to demonstrate that\n            <jats:italic>atxA<\/jats:italic>\n            transcription from the major start site P1 is dependent upon a consensus sequence for the housekeeping sigma factor SigA and an A+T-rich upstream element for RNA polymerase. We also show that an additional\n            <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\n            -acting protein(s) binds specifically to\n            <jats:italic>atxA<\/jats:italic>\n            promoter sequences located between \u221213 and +36 relative to P1 and negatively impacts transcription. Deletion of this region increases promoter activity up to 15-fold. Site-directed mutagenesis of a 9-bp palindromic sequence within the region prevents binding of the\n            <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\n            -acting protein(s), increasing promoter activity 7-fold and resulting in a corresponding increase in AtxA and anthrax toxin production. Notably, an\n            <jats:italic>atxA<\/jats:italic>\n            promoter mutant that produced elevated levels of AtxA and toxin proteins during culture was unaffected for virulence in a murine model for anthrax.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00776-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,26]],"date-time":"2012-05-26T05:10:48Z","timestamp":1338009048000},"page":"4069-4079","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["<i>cis<\/i>\n            -Acting Elements That Control Expression of the Master Virulence Regulatory Gene\n            <i>atxA<\/i>\n            in Bacillus anthracis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Dale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University Texas Health Science Center\u2014Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malik J.","family":"Raynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University Texas Health Science Center\u2014Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prabhat","family":"Dwivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University Texas Health Science Center\u2014Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa M.","family":"Koehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University Texas Health Science Center\u2014Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00405.x","article-title":"Structural and functional analysis of the promoter region involved in full expression of the cryIIIA toxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis","volume":"13","author":"Agaisse H","year":"1994","unstructured":"AgaisseH LereclusD. 1994. Structural and functional analysis of the promoter region involved in full expression of the cryIIIA toxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis. Mol. Microbiol. 13:97\u2013107.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01038-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(91)90495-W","article-title":"Construction of cloning vectors for Bacillus thuringiensis","volume":"108","author":"Arantes O","year":"1991","unstructured":"ArantesO LereclusD. 1991. Construction of cloning vectors for Bacillus thuringiensis. Gene 108:115\u2013119.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","volume-title":"Current protocols in molecular biology","author":"Ausubel FM","year":"1993","unstructured":"AusubelFM. 1993. Current protocols in molecular biology. Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2010.03.003","article-title":"Full expression of Bacillus anthracis toxin gene in the presence of bicarbonate requires a 2.7-kb-long atxA mRNA that contains a terminator structure","volume":"161","author":"Bertin M","year":"2010","unstructured":"BertinM ChateauA FouetA. 2010. Full expression of Bacillus anthracis toxin gene in the presence of bicarbonate requires a 2.7-kb-long atxA mRNA that contains a terminator structure. Res. Microbiol. 161:249\u2013259.","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(94)90682-3","article-title":"Domain organization of RNA polymerase alpha subunit: C-terminal 85 amino acids constitute a domain capable of dimerization and DNA binding","volume":"78","author":"Blatter EE","year":"1994","unstructured":"BlatterEE RossW TangH GourseRL EbrightRH. 1994. Domain organization of RNA polymerase alpha subunit: C-terminal 85 amino acids constitute a domain capable of dimerization and DNA binding. Cell 78:889\u2013896.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00766-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.5.2736-2743.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01656-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.7.2576-2582.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02340.x","article-title":"The atxA gene product activates transcription of the anthrax toxin genes and is essential for virulence","volume":"16","author":"Dai Z","year":"1995","unstructured":"DaiZ SirardJC MockM KoehlerTM. 1995. The atxA gene product activates transcription of the anthrax toxin genes and is essential for virulence. Mol. Microbiol. 16:1171\u20131181.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.2.307-315.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.15.5108-5114.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.12.4928-4932.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.23.7557-7564.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022103","article-title":"Feedback loops involving Spo0A and AbrB in in vitro transcription of the genes involved in the initiation of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis","volume":"124","author":"Fujita M","year":"1998","unstructured":"FujitaM SadaieY. 1998. Feedback loops involving Spo0A and AbrB in in vitro transcription of the genes involved in the initiation of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. J. Biochem. 124:98\u2013104.","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.80479","article-title":"Carbon catabolite control of the metabolic network in Bacillus subtilis","volume":"73","author":"Fujita Y","year":"2009","unstructured":"FujitaY. 2009. Carbon catabolite control of the metabolic network in Bacillus subtilis. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 73:245\u2013259.","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.07.042","article-title":"Inhaled non-capsulated Bacillus anthracis in A\/J. mice: nasopharynx and alveolar space as dual portals of entry, delayed dissemination, and specific organ targeting","volume":"10","author":"Glomski IJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"GlomskiIJ . 2008. Inhaled non-capsulated Bacillus anthracis in A\/J. mice: nasopharynx and alveolar space as dual portals of entry, delayed dissemination, and specific organ targeting. Microbes Infect. 10:1398\u20131404.","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01972.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1022","article-title":"Bacterial redox sensors","volume":"2","author":"Green J","year":"2004","unstructured":"GreenJ PagetMS. 2004. Bacterial redox sensors. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2:954\u2013966.","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11455","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.19.11455","article-title":"The Spo0A protein of Bacillus subtilis inhibits transcription of the abrB gene without preventing binding of the polymerase to the promoter","volume":"271","author":"Greene EA","year":"1996","unstructured":"GreeneEA SpiegelmanGB. 1996. The Spo0A protein of Bacillus subtilis inhibits transcription of the abrB gene without preventing binding of the polymerase to the promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 271:11455\u201311461.","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10242.x","article-title":"AtxA activates the transcription of genes harbored by both Bacillus anthracis virulence plasmids","volume":"147","author":"Guignot J","year":"1997","unstructured":"GuignotJ MockM FouetA. 1997. AtxA activates the transcription of genes harbored by both Bacillus anthracis virulence plasmids. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 147:203\u2013207.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01333-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07843.x","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis virulence regulator AtxA: oligomeric state, function and CO2 signalling","volume":"82","author":"Hammerstrom TG","year":"2011","unstructured":"HammerstromTG RohJH NikonowiczEP KoehlerTM. 2011. Bacillus anthracis virulence regulator AtxA: oligomeric state, function and CO2 signalling. Mol. Microbiol. 82:634\u2013647.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.6.1888"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2009.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.3.586-595.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1042\/bse0370017","article-title":"Activation and repression of transcription initiation in bacteria","volume":"37","author":"Lloyd G","year":"2001","unstructured":"LloydG LandiniP BusbyS. 2001. Activation and repression of transcription initiation in bacteria. Essays Biochem. 37:17\u201331.","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(94)00647-B","article-title":"The transformation frequency of plasmids into Bacillus anthracis is affected by adenine methylation","volume":"152","author":"Marrero R","year":"1995","unstructured":"MarreroR WelkosSL. 1995. The transformation frequency of plasmids into Bacillus anthracis is affected by adenine methylation. Gene 152:75\u201378.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.4.1153-1164.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03345.x","article-title":"A plasmid-encoded regulator couples the synthesis of toxins and surface structures in Bacillus anthracis","volume":"47","author":"Mignot T","year":"2003","unstructured":"MignotT MockM FouetA. 2003. A plasmid-encoded regulator couples the synthesis of toxins and surface structures in Bacillus anthracis. Mol. Microbiol. 47:917\u2013927.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","volume-title":"Experiments in molecular genetics","author":"Miller JH","year":"1972","unstructured":"MillerJH. 1972. Experiments in molecular genetics. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03818.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg037","article-title":"PRODORIC: prokaryotic database of gene regulation","volume":"31","author":"Munch R","year":"2003","unstructured":"MunchR . 2003. PRODORIC: prokaryotic database of gene regulation. Nucleic Acids Res. 31:266\u2013269.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-145-3-621","article-title":"Genome organization is not conserved between Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis","volume":"145","author":"Okstad OA","year":"1999","unstructured":"OkstadOA HegnaI LindbackT RishovdAL KolstoAB. 1999. Genome organization is not conserved between Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis. Microbiology 145:621\u2013631.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1988.tb00079.x","article-title":"Structure of the gene for the transition state regulator, abrB: regulator synthesis is controlled by the spo0A sporulation gene in Bacillus subtilis","volume":"2","author":"Perego M","year":"1988","unstructured":"PeregoM SpiegelmanGB HochJA. 1988. Structure of the gene for the transition state regulator, abrB: regulator synthesis is controlled by the spo0A sporulation gene in Bacillus subtilis. Mol. Microbiol. 2:689\u2013699.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01083-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-002-8431-9","article-title":"Bacillus subtilis sporulation and stationary phase gene expression","volume":"59","author":"Phillips ZE","year":"2002","unstructured":"PhillipsZE StrauchMA. 2002. Bacillus subtilis sporulation and stationary phase gene expression. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 59:392\u2013402.","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.9.2771-2778.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8457","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.21.8457","article-title":"AbrB, a regulator of gene expression in Bacillus, interacts with the transcription initiation regions of a sporulation gene and an antibiotic biosynthesis gene","volume":"86","author":"Robertson JB","year":"1989","unstructured":"RobertsonJB GochtM MarahielMA ZuberP. 1989. AbrB, a regulator of gene expression in Bacillus, interacts with the transcription initiation regions of a sporulation gene and an antibiotic biosynthesis gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 86:8457\u20138461.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8248780","article-title":"A third recognition element in bacterial promoters: DNA binding by the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase","volume":"262","author":"Ross W","year":"1993","unstructured":"RossW . 1993. A third recognition element in bacterial promoters: DNA binding by the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase. Science 262:1407\u20131413.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5305","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.9.5305","article-title":"DNA strand separation during activation of a developmental promoter by the Bacillus subtilis response regulator Spo0A","volume":"95","author":"Rowe-Magnus DA","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rowe-MagnusDA SpiegelmanGB. 1998. DNA strand separation during activation of a developmental promoter by the Bacillus subtilis response regulator Spo0A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95:5305\u20135310.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.2.370-380.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S1438-4221(00)80030-2","article-title":"Characterization of a plasmid region involved in Bacillus anthracis toxin production and pathogenesis","volume":"290","author":"Sirard JC","year":"2000","unstructured":"SirardJC Guidi-RontaniC FouetA MockM. 2000. Characterization of a plasmid region involved in Bacillus anthracis toxin production and pathogenesis. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 290:313\u2013316.","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03186.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","unstructured":"Stratagene. 2007. QuikChange site-directed mutagenesis kit: instruction manual. Stratagene LaJolla CA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.5.1801","article-title":"The SpoOA protein of Bacillus subtilis is a repressor of the abrB gene","volume":"87","author":"Strauch M","year":"1990","unstructured":"StrauchM WebbV SpiegelmanG HochJA. 1990. The SpoOA protein of Bacillus subtilis is a repressor of the abrB gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 87:1801\u20131805.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.23.6999-7002.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6603(08)61020-X","article-title":"Regulation of Bacillus subtilis gene expression during the transition from exponential growth to stationary phase","volume":"46","author":"Strauch MA","year":"1993","unstructured":"StrauchMA. 1993. Regulation of Bacillus subtilis gene expression during the transition from exponential growth to stationary phase. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 46:121\u2013153.","journal-title":"Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.27803-0","article-title":"The DNA-binding specificity of the Bacillus anthracis AbrB protein","volume":"151","author":"Strauch MA","year":"2005","unstructured":"StrauchMA BallarP RowshanAJ ZollerKL. 2005. The DNA-binding specificity of the Bacillus anthracis AbrB protein. Microbiology 151:1751\u20131759.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01125.x","article-title":"Transition-state regulators: sentinels of Bacillus subtilis post-exponential gene expression","volume":"7","author":"Strauch MA","year":"1993","unstructured":"StrauchMA HochJA. 1993. Transition-state regulators: sentinels of Bacillus subtilis post-exponential gene expression. Mol. Microbiol. 7:337\u2013342.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9084(92)90133-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","first-page":"56","volume-title":"Microbiology 1985","author":"Thorne CB","year":"1985","unstructured":"ThorneCB. 1985. Genetics of Bacillus anthracis, p 56\u201362. In LeiveL (ed), Microbiology 1985. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-17-2-505","article-title":"An agar-diffusion method for titrating Bacillus anthracis immunizing antigen and its application to a study of antigen production","volume":"17","author":"Thorne CB","year":"1957","unstructured":"ThorneCB BeltonFC. 1957. An agar-diffusion method for titrating Bacillus anthracis immunizing antigen and its application to a study of antigen production. J. Gen. Microbiol. 17:505\u2013516.","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00240-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05543.x","article-title":"Opposing effects of histidine phosphorylation regulate the AtxA virulence transcription factor in Bacillus anthracis","volume":"63","author":"Tsvetanova B","year":"2007","unstructured":"TsvetanovaB . 2007. Opposing effects of histidine phosphorylation regulate the AtxA virulence transcription factor in Bacillus anthracis. Mol. Microbiol. 63:644\u2013655.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.17.5329-5338.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.3041667.x","article-title":"Cross-talk to the genes for Bacillus anthracis capsule synthesis by atxA, the gene encoding the trans-activator of anthrax toxin synthesis","volume":"23","author":"Uchida I","year":"1997","unstructured":"UchidaI MakinoS SekizakiT TerakadoN. 1997. Cross-talk to the genes for Bacillus anthracis capsule synthesis by atxA, the gene encoding the trans-activator of anthrax toxin synthesis. Mol. Microbiol. 23:1229\u20131240.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00716-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.67.4.475-490.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-147-6-1677","article-title":"The role of antibodies to Bacillus anthracis and anthrax toxin components in inhibiting the early stages of infection by anthrax spores","volume":"147","author":"Welkos S","year":"2001","unstructured":"WelkosS LittleS FriedlanderA FritzD FellowsP. 2001. The role of antibodies to Bacillus anthracis and anthrax toxin components in inhibiting the early stages of infection by anthrax spores. Microbiology 147:1677\u20131685.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.51.3.795-800.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.06627.x","article-title":"Two small c-type cytochromes affect virulence gene expression in Bacillus anthracis","volume":"72","author":"Wilson AC","year":"2009","unstructured":"WilsonAC HochJA PeregoM. 2009. Two small c-type cytochromes affect virulence gene expression in Bacillus anthracis. Mol. Microbiol. 72:109\u2013123.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3233","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.10.3233","article-title":"Identification of a positive retroregulator that stabilizes mRNAs in bacteria","volume":"83","author":"Wong HC","year":"1986","unstructured":"WongHC ChangS. 1986. Identification of a positive retroregulator that stabilizes mRNAs in bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 83:3233\u20133237.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.24.6649-6654.1998"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JB.00776-12","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JB.00776-12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T17:25:42Z","timestamp":1627579542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JB.00776-12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JB.00776-12"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.00776-12","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9193","1098-5530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9193","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5530","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-05-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-05-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-07-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}