{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:59:26Z","timestamp":1791302366622,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,15]],"date-time":"2009-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1258243200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is present in dental plaque as early as 4 h after tooth cleaning, but it is also associated with periodontal disease, a late-developing event in the microbial successions that characterize daily plaque development. We report here that\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ATCC 33277 is remarkable in its ability to interact with a variety of initial, early, middle, and late colonizers growing solely on saliva. Integration of\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    into multispecies communities was investigated by using two in vitro biofilm models. In flow cells, bacterial growth was quantified using fluorescently conjugated antibodies against each species, and static biofilm growth on saliva-submerged polystyrene pegs was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR using species-specific primers.\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    could not grow as a single species or together with initial colonizer\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus oralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    but showed mutualistic growth when paired with two other initial colonizers,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus gordonii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Actinomyces oris<\/jats:italic>\n                    , as well as with\n                    <jats:italic>Veillonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. (early colonizer),\n                    <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (middle colonizer), and\n                    <jats:italic>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\n                    (late colonizer). In three-species flow cells,\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    grew with\n                    <jats:italic>Veillonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. and\n                    <jats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\n                    but not with\n                    <jats:italic>S. oralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Also, it grew with\n                    <jats:italic>Veillonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. and\n                    <jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    but not with\n                    <jats:italic>S. oralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , indicating that\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. oralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    are not compatible. However,\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    grew in combination with\n                    <jats:italic>S. gordonii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. oralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , demonstrating its ability to overcome the incompatibility when cultured with a second initially colonizing species. Collectively, these data help explain the observed presence of\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    at all stages of dental plaque development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.01006-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,11]],"date-time":"2009-09-11T21:12:41Z","timestamp":1252703561000},"page":"6804-6811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":206,"title":["Mutualistic Biofilm Communities Develop with\n                    <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i>\n                    and Initial, Early, and Late Colonizers of Enamel"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Saravanan","family":"Periasamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Kolenbrander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345960750021201","volume":"75","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bos, R., H. 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