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The hypothesis tested in this study is that dissolved gases, including CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            , serve as a signal for\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            to alter protein production and gene expression. In this study we focused on characterization of in vitro anaerobic (5% CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            , 3% H\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            , 0.087 ppm O\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            ) and microaerophilic (1% CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            , 3.48 ppm O\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            ) growth conditions and how they modulate protein synthesis and gene expression in\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            . Higher levels of several immunoreactive proteins, including BosR, NapA, DbpA, OspC, BBK32, and RpoS, were synthesized under anaerobic conditions. Previous studies demonstrated that lower levels of NapA were produced when microaerophilic cultures were purged with nitrogen gas to displace oxygen and CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            . In this study we identified CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            as a factor contributing to the observed change in NapA synthesis. Specifically, a reduction in the level of dissolved CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            , independent of O\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            levels, resulted in reduced NapA synthesis. BosR, DbpA, OspC, and RpoS synthesis was also decreased with the displacement of CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            . Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR indicated that the levels of the\n            <jats:italic>dbpA<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            , and BBK32 transcripts are increased in the presence of CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            , indicating that these putative borrelial virulence determinants are regulated at the transcriptional level. Thus, dissolved CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            may be an additional cue for borrelial host adaptation and gene regulation.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.01109-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,14]],"date-time":"2006-11-14T01:39:08Z","timestamp":1163468348000},"page":"437-445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["<i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>\n            Alters Its Gene Expression and Antigenic Profile in Response to CO\n            <sub>2<\/sub>\n            Levels"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Jenny A.","family":"Hyde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome P.","family":"Trzeciakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&amp;M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843-1114"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan T.","family":"Skare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.12.3090-3095.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2325","volume":"101","year":"1998","unstructured":"Akins, D. 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