{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T12:04:43Z","timestamp":1788177883040,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,15]],"date-time":"2009-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1239753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Streptococcus suis<\/jats:italic>serotype 2 is an emerging zoonotic pathogen responsible for a wide range of life-threatening diseases in pigs and humans. However, the pathogenesis of<jats:italic>S. suis<\/jats:italic>serotype 2 infection is not well understood. In this study, we report that an orphan response regulator, CovR, globally regulates gene expression and negatively controls the virulence of<jats:italic>S. suis<\/jats:italic>05ZYH33, a streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS)-causing strain. A<jats:italic>covR<\/jats:italic>-defective (\u0394<jats:italic>covR<\/jats:italic>) mutant of 05ZYH33 displayed dramatic phenotypic changes, such as formation of longer chains, production of thicker capsules, and increased hemolytic activity. Adherence of the \u0394<jats:italic>covR<\/jats:italic>mutant to epithelial cells was greatly increased, and its resistance to phagocytosis and killing by neutrophils and monocytes was also significantly enhanced. More importantly, inactivation of<jats:italic>covR<\/jats:italic>increased the lethality of<jats:italic>S. suis<\/jats:italic>serotype 2 in experimental infection of piglets, and this phenotype was restored by<jats:italic>covR<\/jats:italic>complementation. Colonization experiments also showed that the \u0394<jats:italic>covR<\/jats:italic>mutant exhibited an increased ability to colonize susceptible tissues of piglets. The pleiotropic phenotype of the \u0394<jats:italic>covR<\/jats:italic>mutant is in full agreement with the large number of genes controlled by CovR as revealed by transcription profile analysis: 2 genes are positively regulated, and 193 are repressed, including many that encode known or putative virulence factors. These findings suggested that CovR is a global repressor in virulence regulation of STSS-causing<jats:italic>S. suis<\/jats:italic>serotype 2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.01309-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,31]],"date-time":"2009-01-31T01:45:42Z","timestamp":1233366342000},"page":"2601-2612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["The Orphan Response Regulator CovR: a Globally Negative Modulator of Virulence in<i>Streptococcus suis<\/i>Serotype 2"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Xiuzhen","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing 210002, China"},{"name":"College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junchao","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing 210002, China"},{"name":"College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing 210002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing 210002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing 210002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youjun","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhimin","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing 210002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing 210002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing 210002, China"},{"name":"College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongfeng","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing 210002, China"},{"name":"College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing 210002, China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiju","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing 210002, China"},{"name":"College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing 210002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xina","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing 210002, China"},{"name":"College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiping","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing 210002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuquan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing 210002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.118.2.673","volume":"118","year":"1977","unstructured":"Baltimore, R. S., D. L. Kasper, C. J. Baker, and D. K. Goroff. 1977. Antigenic specificity of opsonophagocytic antibodies in rabbit anti-sera to group B streptococci. J. Immunol. 118 : 673-678.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.69.4.608-634.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1159\/000083394","volume":"72","year":"2005","unstructured":"Blasi, F., P. Tarsia, and S. Aliberti. 2005. Strategic targets of essential host-pathogen interactions. Respiration 72 : 9-25.","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.1.75-80.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.12.4606-4609.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-142-5-1231","volume":"142","year":"1996","unstructured":"Brazeau, C., M. Gottschalk, S. Vincelette, and B. Martineau-Doize. 1996. In vitro phagocytosis and survival of Streptococcus suis capsular type 2 inside murine macrophages. Microbiology 142 : 1231-1237.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.54.6.1318-1324.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2006.04.001","volume":"41","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chabot-Roy, G., P. Willson, M. Segura, S. Lacouture, and M. Gottschalk. 2006. Phagocytosis and killing of Streptococcus suis by porcine neutrophils. Microb. Pathog. 41 : 21-32.","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-144-2-325","volume":"144","year":"1998","unstructured":"Charland, N., J. Harel, M. Kobisch, S. Lacasse, and M. Gottschalk. 1998. Streptococcus suis serotype 2 mutants deficient in capsular expression. Microbiology 144 : 325-332.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.2.637-643.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e315","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000315","volume":"2","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen, C., J. Tang, W. Dong, C. Wang, Y. Feng, et al. 2007. A glimpse of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome from comparative genomics of S. suis 2 Chinese isolates. PLoS ONE 2 : e315.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(98)80138-0","volume":"1","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cotter, P. A., and J. F. Miller. 1998. In vivo and ex vivo regulation of bacterial virulence gene expression. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 1 : 17-26.","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.5.2441-2448.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0882-4010(02)90526-7","volume":"33","year":"2002","unstructured":"de Greeff, A., H. Buys, L. van Alphen, and H. E. Smith. 2002. Response regulator important in pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Microb. Pathog. 33 : 185-192.","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.3.1319-1325.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00024-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1086\/319291","volume":"183","year":"2001","unstructured":"Engleberg, N. C., A. Heath, A. Miller, C. Rivera, and V. J. DiRita. 2001. Spontaneous mutations in the CsrRS two-component regulatory system of Streptococcus pyogenes result in enhanced virulence in a murine model of skin and soft tissue infection. J. Infect. Dis. 183 : 1043-1054.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.2.623-628.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.7.1975-1983.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1177\/088532829000500205","volume":"5","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fleer, A., C. P. Timmerman, J. M. Besnier, A. Pascual, and J. Verhoef. 1990. Surface proteins of coagulase-negative staphylococci: their role in adherence to biomaterials and in opsonization. J. Biomater. Appl. 5 : 154-165.","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Appl."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.2000.0364","volume":"29","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fuller, T. E., S. Martin, J. F. Teel, G. R. Alaniz, M. J. Kennedy, and D. E. Lowery. 2000. Identification of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae virulence genes using signature-tagged mutagenesis in a swine infection model. Microb. Pathog. 29 : 39-51.","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13855","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.202353699","volume":"99","year":"2002","unstructured":"Graham, M. R., L. M. Smoot, C. A. Migliaccio, K. Virtaneva, D. E. Sturdevant, S. F. Porcella, M. J. Federle, G. J. Adams, J. R. Scott, and J. M. Musser. 2002. Virulence control in group A Streptococcus by a two-component gene regulatory system: global expression profiling and in vivo infection modeling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99 : 13855-13860.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"1232","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gralla, J. D., and J. Collado-Vides. 1996. Organization and function of transcription regulatory elements, p. 1232-1245. In F. C. Neidhardt, R. Curtiss III, J. L. Ingraham, E. C. C. Lin, K. B. Low, B. Magasanik, W. S. Reznikoff, M. Riley, M. Schaechter, and H. E. Umbarger (ed.), Escherichia coli and Salmonella: cellular and molecular biology, 2nd ed. ASM Press, Washington, DC.","journal-title":"Escherichia coli and Salmonella: cellular and molecular biology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.2.361-369.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.9.5578-5586.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"1389","volume":"45","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hava, D. L., and A. Camilli. 2002. Large-scale identification of serotype 4 Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors. Mol. Microbiol. 45 : 1389-1406.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.10.5298-5305.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.8.4351-4360.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2911(08)60146-0","volume":"37","year":"1995","unstructured":"Inoue, Y., and A. Kimura. 1995. Methylglyoxal and regulation of its metabolism in microorganisms. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 37 : 177-227.","journal-title":"Adv. Microb. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.5.1742-1748.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.3.1105-1113.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.02099.x","volume":"37","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jones, A. L., K. M. Knoll, and C. E. Rubens. 2000. Identification of Streptococcus agalactiae virulence genes in the neonatal rat sepsis model using signature-tagged mutagenesis. Mol. Microbiol. 37 : 1444-1455.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(99)00160-5","volume":"110","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kalapos, M. P. 1999. Methylglyoxal in living organisms: chemistry, biochemistry, toxicology and biological implications. Toxicol. Lett. 110 : 145-175.","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.58.10_947","volume":"58","year":"1996","unstructured":"Katsumi, M., T. Saito, Y. Kataoka, T. Itoh, N. Kikuchi, and T. Hiramune. 1996. Comparative preparation methods of sialylated capsule antigen from Streptococcus suis type 2 with type specific antigenicity. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 58 : 947-952.","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.5.2758-2765.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10948","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1833375100","volume":"100","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kobayashi, S. D., K. R. Braughton, A. R. Whitney, J. M. Voyich, T. G. Schwan, J. M. Musser, and F. R. DeLeo. 2003. Bacterial pathogens modulate an apoptosis differentiation program in human neutrophils. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100 : 10948-10953.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15711","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.232454299","volume":"99","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kohler, S., V. Foulongne, S. Ouahrani-Bettache, G. Bourg, J. Teyssier, M. Ramuz, and J. P. Liautard. 2002. The analysis of the intramacrophagic virulome of Brucella suis deciphers the environment encountered by the pathogen inside the macrophage host cell. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99 : 15711-15716.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00754-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.52.4.1067","volume":"52","year":"1964","unstructured":"Kundig, W., S. Ghosh, and S. Roseman. 1964. Phosphate bound to histidine in a protein as an intermediate in a novel phospho-transferase system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 52 : 1067-1074.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.6.3342-3350.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-146-8-1913","volume":"146","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lalonde, M., M. Segura, S. Lacouture, and M. Gottschalk. 2000. Interactions between Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and different epithelial cell lines. Microbiology 146 : 1913-1921.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04365.x","volume":"54","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lamy, M. C., M. Zouine, J. Fert, M. Vergassola, E. Couve, E. Pellegrini, P. Glaser, F. Kunst, T. Msadek, P. Trieu-Cuot, and C. Poyart. 2004. CovS\/CovR of group B streptococcus: a two-component global regulatory system involved in virulence. Mol. Microbiol. 54 : 1250-1268.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02335.x","volume":"40","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lau, G. W., S. Haataja, M. Lonetto, S. E. Kensit, A. Marra, A. P. Bryant, D. McDevitt, D. A. Morrison, and D. W. Holden. 2001. A functional genomic analysis of type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence. Mol. Microbiol. 40 : 555-571.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.12.7053-7060.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.01057.x","volume":"30","year":"1998","unstructured":"Levin, J. C., and M. R. Wessels. 1998. Identification of csrR\/csrS, a genetic locus that regulates hyaluronic acid capsule synthesis in group A Streptococcus. Mol. Microbiol. 30 : 209-219.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2080","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002080","volume":"3","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li, M., C. Wang, Y. Feng, X. Pan, G. Cheng, J. Wang, J. Ge, F. Zheng, M. Cao, Y. Dong, D. Liu, J. Wang, Y. Lin, H. Du, G. F. Gao, X. Wang, F. Hu, and J. Tang. 2008. SalK\/SalR, a two-component signal transduction system, is essential for full virulence of highly invasive Streptococcus suis serotype 2. PLoS ONE 3 : e2080.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2003.11.012","volume":"56","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lun, S., and P. J. Willson. 2004. Expression of green fluorescent protein and its application in pathogenesis studies of serotype 2 Streptococcus suis. J. Microbiol. Methods 56 : 401-412.","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70001-4","volume":"7","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lun, Z. R., Q. P. Wang, X. G. Chen, A. X. Li, and X. Q. Zhu. 2007. Streptococcus suis: an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Lancet Infect. Dis. 7 : 201-209.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.2.620-626.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)31731-9","volume":"269","year":"1994","unstructured":"McCleary, W. R., and J. B. Stock. 1994. Acetyl phosphate and the activation of two-component response regulators. J. Biol. Chem. 269 : 31567-31572.","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03380.x","volume":"8","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mortensen, L., G. Dandanell, and K. Hammer. 1989. Purification and characterization of the deoR repressor of Escherichia coli. EMBO J. 8 : 325-331.","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.2.415","volume":"176","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pancholi, V., and V. A. Fischetti. 1992. A major surface protein on group A streptococci is a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase with multiple binding activity. J. Exp. Med. 176 : 415-426.","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.57.3.543-594.1993","volume":"57","year":"1993","unstructured":"Postma, P. W., J. W. Lengeler, and G. R. Jacobson. 1993. Phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase systems of bacteria. Microbiol. Rev. 57 : 543-594.","journal-title":"Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(94)01264-4","volume":"356","year":"1994","unstructured":"Quail, M. A., C. E. Dempsey, and J. R. Guest. 1994. Identification of a fatty acyl responsive regulator (FarR) in Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett. 356 : 183-187.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01726.x","volume":"35","year":"2000","unstructured":"Robertson, G. T., M. E. Kovach, C. A. Allen, T. A. Ficht, and R. M. Roop II. 2000. The Brucella abortus Lon functions as a generalized stress response protease and is required for wild-type virulence in BALB\/c mice. Mol. Microbiol. 35 : 577-588.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26412-0","volume":"149","year":"2003","unstructured":"Roche, F. M., M. Meehan, and T. J. Foster. 2003. The Staphylococcus aureus surface protein SasG and its homologues promote bacterial adherence to human desquamated nasal epithelial cells. Microbiology 149 : 2759-2767.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(00)89041-6","volume":"20","year":"1995","unstructured":"Saier, M. H., Jr., S. Chauvaux, J. Deutscher, J. Reizer, and J. J. Ye. 1995. Protein phosphorylation and regulation of carbon metabolism in gram-negative versus gram-positive bacteria. Trends Biochem. Sci. 20 : 267-271.","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(95)00036-A","volume":"45","year":"1995","unstructured":"Salasia, S. I., C. Lammler, and G. Herrmann. 1995. Properties of a Streptococcus suis isolate of serotype 2 and two capsular mutants. Vet. Microbiol. 45 : 151-156.","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-022X(00)00129-9","volume":"46","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schmittgen, T. D., and B. A. Zakrajsek. 2000. Effect of experimental treatment on housekeeping gene expression: validation by real-time, quantitative RT-PCR. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 46 : 69-81.","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01768.x","volume":"127","year":"2002","unstructured":"Segura, M., N. Vadeboncoeur, and M. Gottschalk. 2002. CD14-dependent and -independent cytokine and chemokine production by human THP-1 monocytes stimulated by Streptococcus suis capsular type 2. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 127 : 243-254.","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1998.tb01165.x","volume":"21","year":"1998","unstructured":"Segura, M. A., P. Cleroux, and M. Gottschalk. 1998. Streptococcus suis and group B Streptococcus differ in their interactions with murine macrophages. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 21 : 189-195.","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.4.1750-1756.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-141-1-181","volume":"141","year":"1995","unstructured":"Smith, H. E., H. J. Wisselink, U. Vecht, A. L. Gielkens, and M. A. Smits. 1995. High-efficiency transformation and gene inactivation in Streptococcus suis type 2. Microbiology 141 : 181-188.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.2.871-878.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005870317757","volume":"21","year":"1997","unstructured":"Staats, J. J., I. Feder, O. Okwumabua, and M. M. Chengappa. 1997. Streptococcus suis: past and present. Vet. Res. Commun. 21 : 381-407.","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01354-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1006\/plas.2000.1510","volume":"45","year":"2001","unstructured":"Takamatsu, D., M. Osaki, and T. Sekizaki. 2001. Construction and characterization of Streptococcus suis-Escherichia coli shuttle cloning vectors. Plasmid 45 : 101-113.","journal-title":"Plasmid"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e151","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030151","volume":"3","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tang, J., C. Wang, Y. Feng, W. Yang, H. Song, Z. Chen, H. Yu, X. Pan, X. Zhou, H. Wang, B. Wu, H. Wang, H. Zhao, Y. Lin, J. Yue, Z. Wu, X. He, F. Gao, A. H. Khan, J. Wang, G. P. Zhao, Y. Wang, X. Wang, Z. Chen, and G. F. Gao. 2006. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome caused by Streptococcus suis serotype 2. PLoS Med. 3 : e151.","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.993-997.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020628909429","volume":"82","year":"2002","unstructured":"Titgemeyer, F., and W. Hillen. 2002. Global control of sugar metabolism: a gram-positive solution. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 82 : 59-71.","journal-title":"Antonie van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12424","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.22.12424","volume":"96","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ton-That, H., G. Liu, S. K. Mazmanian, K. F. Faull, and O. Schneewind. 1999. Purification and characterization of sortase, the transpeptidase that cleaves surface proteins of Staphylococcus aureus at the LPXTG motif. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96 : 12424-12429.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.5.2099-2106.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.3.1441-1449.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","first-page":"81","volume":"71","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vanier, G., M. Segura, and M. Gottschalk. 2007. Characterization of the invasion of porcine endothelial cells by Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Can. J. Vet. Res. 71 : 81-89.","journal-title":"Can. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.08.032","volume":"127","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vanier, G., T. Sekizaki, M. C. Dominguez-Punaro, M. Esgleas, M. Osaki, D. Takamatsu, M. Segura, and M. Gottschalk. 2008. Disruption of srtA gene in Streptococcus suis results in decreased interactions with endothelial cells and extracellular matrix proteins. Vet. Microbiol. 127 : 417-424.","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-008-0425-z","volume":"191","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang, C., M. Li, Y. Feng, F. Zheng, Y. Dong, X. Pan, G. Cheng, R. Dong, D. Hu, X. Feng, J. Ge, D. Liu, J. Wang, M. Cao, F. Hu, and J. Tang. 2009. The involvement of sortase A in high virulence of STSS-causing Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Arch. Microbiol. 191 : 23-33.","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8983","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.22.8983","volume":"86","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wessels, M. R., C. E. Rubens, V. J. Benedi, and D. L. Kasper. 1989. Definition of a bacterial virulence factor: sialylation of the group B streptococcal capsule. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86 : 8983-8987.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","first-page":"453","volume":"41","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wibawan, I. W., and C. Lammler. 1994. Relation between encapsulation and various properties of Streptococcus suis. Zentralbl. Veterinarmed. B 41 : 453-459.","journal-title":"Zentralbl. Veterinarmed. B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.2.474","volume":"162","year":"1990","unstructured":"Williams, A. E., and W. F. Blakemore. 1990. Pathogenesis of meningitis caused by Streptococcus suis type 2. J. Infect. Dis. 162 : 474-481.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.69.1.12-50.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2006.08.010","volume":"8","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yamaguchi, M., Y. Terao, T. Ogawa, T. Takahashi, S. Hamada, and S. Kawabata. 2006. Role of Streptococcus sanguinis sortase A in bacterial colonization. Microbes Infect. 8 : 2791-2796.","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."}],"container-title":["Journal of Bacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JB.01309-08","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JB.01309-08","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]],"date-time":"2024-03-09T21:24:08Z","timestamp":1710019448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JB.01309-08"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,15]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JB.01309-08"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.01309-08","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9193","1098-5530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9193","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5530","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-09-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-01-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}