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The RNA chaperone Hfq is essential for virulence for several bacterial groups, including\n            <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n            ; however, its role in\n            <jats:italic>S. meliloti<\/jats:italic>\n            has not been investigated. Our studies of an\n            <jats:italic>S. meliloti<\/jats:italic>\n            loss-of-function\n            <jats:italic>hfq<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant have revealed that Hfq plays a key role in the establishment of the symbiosis between\n            <jats:italic>S. meliloti<\/jats:italic>\n            and its host\n            <jats:italic>Medicago sativa. S. meliloti<\/jats:italic>\n            Hfq is involved in controlling the population density under a free-living state and affects the growth parameters and nodulation. An\n            <jats:italic>hfq<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant poorly colonizes the infection threads that are necessary for the bacteria to invade the developing nodule. An\n            <jats:italic>hfq<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant is severely impaired in its ability to invade plant cells within the nodule, which leads to the formation of small, ineffective nodules unable to fix nitrogen. In culture, the\n            <jats:italic>hfq<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant did not accumulate transcripts of\n            <jats:italic>nifA<\/jats:italic>\n            , which encodes a key regulator necessary for nitrogen fixation. Hfq may be involved in regulation of several proteins relevant to\n            <jats:italic>hfq<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant phenotypes. The crucial role of Hfq in symbiosis suggests that small regulatory RNAs are important for its interactions with its plant host.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.01427-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,16]],"date-time":"2010-01-16T02:25:38Z","timestamp":1263608738000},"page":"1710-1718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The\n            <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti<\/i>\n            RNA Chaperone Hfq Mediates Symbiosis of\n            <i>S. meliloti<\/i>\n            and Alfalfa"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Lise","family":"Barra-Bily","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307"},{"name":"Osmore\u0301gulation Chez les Bacte\u0301ries, CNRS UMR 6026, Universite\u0301 de Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, Av. du Ge\u0301ne\u0301ral Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shree P.","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Trautwetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osmore\u0301gulation Chez les Bacte\u0301ries, CNRS UMR 6026, Universite\u0301 de Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, Av. du Ge\u0301ne\u0301ral Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osmore\u0301gulation Chez les Bacte\u0301ries, CNRS UMR 6026, Universite\u0301 de Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, Av. du Ge\u0301ne\u0301ral Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham C.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2007.03.010","volume":"10","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aiba, H. 2007. 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