{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:21:54Z","timestamp":1787962914176,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>is a human bacterial pathogen that multiplies only within an intracellular membrane-bound vacuole, the inclusion.<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>includes ocular and urogenital strains, usually causing infections restricted to epithelial cells of the conjunctiva and genital mucosa, respectively, and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) strains, which can infect macrophages and spread into lymph nodes. However,<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>genomes display &gt;98% identity at the DNA level. In this work, we studied whether<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>Inc proteins, which have a bilobed hydrophobic domain that may mediate their insertion in the inclusion membrane, could be a factor determining these different types of infection and tropisms. Analyses of polymorphisms and phylogeny of 48 Inc proteins from 51 strains encompassing the three disease groups showed significant amino acid differences that were mainly due to variations between Inc proteins from LGV and ocular or urogenital isolates. Studies of the evolutionary dynamics of<jats:italic>inc<\/jats:italic>genes suggested that 10 of them are likely under positive selection and indicated that most nonsilent mutations are LGV specific. Additionally, real-time quantitative PCR analyses in prototype and clinical strains covering the three disease groups identified three<jats:italic>inc<\/jats:italic>genes with LGV-specific expression. We determined the transcriptional start sites of these genes and found LGV-specific nucleotides within their promoters. Thus, subtle variations in the amino acids of a subset of Inc proteins and in the expression of<jats:italic>inc<\/jats:italic>genes may contribute to the unique tropism and invasiveness of<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>LGV strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.01428-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,6]],"date-time":"2012-10-06T05:55:38Z","timestamp":1349502938000},"page":"6574-6585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Polymorphisms in Inc Proteins and Differential Expression of<i>inc<\/i>Genes among Chlamydia trachomatis Strains Correlate with Invasiveness and Tropism of Lymphogranuloma Venereum Isolates"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Filipe","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Borrego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds Jaime","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Vida, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsre.2005.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp1032","article-title":"Deep sequencing-based discovery of the Chlamydia trachomatis transcriptome","volume":"38","author":"Albrecht M","year":"2010","unstructured":"AlbrechtMSharmaCMReinhardtRVogelJRudelT. 2010. 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