{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:51:28Z","timestamp":1792291888872,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,15]],"date-time":"2009-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1245024000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            A gram-positive anaerobic pathogen,\n            <jats:italic>Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:italic>\n            , causes clostridial myonecrosis or gas gangrene in humans by producing numerous extracellular toxins and enzymes that act in concert to degrade host tissue. The\n            <jats:italic>agr<\/jats:italic>\n            system is known to be important for the regulation of virulence genes in a quorum-sensing manner in\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            . A homologue for\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus agrBD<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>\n              agrBD\n              <jats:sub>Sa<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            ) was identified in the\n            <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic>\n            strain 13 genome, and the role of\n            <jats:italic>C. perfringens agrBD<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>\n              agrBD\n              <jats:sub>Cp<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            ) was examined. The\n            <jats:italic>\n              agrBD\n              <jats:sub>Cp<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            knockout mutant did not express the theta-toxin gene, and transcription of the alpha- and kappa-toxin genes was also significantly decreased in the mutant strain. The mutant strain showed a recovery of toxin production after the addition of the culture supernatant of the wild-type strain, indicating that the\n            <jats:italic>\n              agrBD\n              <jats:sub>Cp<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            mutant lacks a signal molecule in the culture supernatant. An\n            <jats:italic>agr-virR<\/jats:italic>\n            double-knockout mutant was constructed to examine the role of the VirR\/VirS two-component regulatory system, a key virulence regulator, in\n            <jats:italic>\n              agrBD\n              <jats:sub>Cp<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            -mediated regulation of toxin production. The double-mutant strain could not be stimulated for toxin production with the wild-type culture supernatant. These results indicate that the\n            <jats:italic>\n              agrBD\n              <jats:sub>Cp<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            system plays an important role in virulence regulation and also suggest that VirR\/VirS is required for sensing of the extracellular signal and activation of toxin gene transcription in\n            <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.01455-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,11]],"date-time":"2009-04-11T00:39:09Z","timestamp":1239410349000},"page":"3919-3927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Virulence Gene Regulation by the\n            <i>agr<\/i>\n            System in\n            <i>Clostridium perfringens<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Kaori","family":"Ohtani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Kanazawa, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8203, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghui","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Kanazawa, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8203, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sufi","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Kanazawa, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8203, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Kanazawa, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8203, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Kanazawa, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8203, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tohru","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Kanazawa, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8203, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11905","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)68491-7","volume":"256","year":"1981","unstructured":"Aiba, H., S. 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