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Typical EPEC isolates are differentiated from other types of pathogenic<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>by two distinctive phenotypes, attaching effacement and localized adherence. The genes specifying these phenotypes are found on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) and the EPEC adherence factor (EAF) plasmid. To describe how typical EPEC has evolved, we characterized a diverse collection of strains by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and performed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of three virulence genes (<jats:italic>eae<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>bfpA<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>perA<\/jats:italic>) to assess allelic variation. Among 129 strains representing 20 O-serogroups, 21 clonal genotypes were identified using MLST. RFLP analysis resolved nine<jats:italic>eae<\/jats:italic>, nine<jats:italic>bfpA<\/jats:italic>, and four<jats:italic>perA<\/jats:italic>alleles. Each<jats:italic>bfpA<\/jats:italic>allele was associated with only one<jats:italic>perA<\/jats:italic>allele class, suggesting that recombination has not played a large role in shuffling the<jats:italic>bfpA<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>perA<\/jats:italic>loci between separate EAF plasmids. The distribution of<jats:italic>eae<\/jats:italic>alleles among typical EPEC strains is more concordant with the clonal relationships than the distribution of the EAF plasmid types. These results provide further support for the hypothesis that the EPEC pathotype has evolved multiple times within<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>through separate acquisitions of the LEE island and EAF plasmid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.01472-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,14]],"date-time":"2006-11-14T01:39:08Z","timestamp":1163468348000},"page":"342-350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Molecular Evolution of Typical Enteropathogenic<i>Escherichia coli<\/i>: Clonal Analysis by Multilocus Sequence Typing and Virulence Gene Allelic Profiling"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"David W.","family":"Lacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Evolution Laboratory, National Food Safety &amp; Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Steinsland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Evolution Laboratory, National Food Safety &amp; Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan"},{"name":"Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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