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The FimA-related gene cluster (the\n            <jats:italic>fim<\/jats:italic>\n            gene cluster) is positively regulated by the FimS-FimR two-component system. In this study, comparative analyses between fimbriate type strain ATCC 33277 and fimbria-deficient strain W83 revealed differences in their\n            <jats:italic>fimS<\/jats:italic>\n            loci, which encode FimS histidine kinase. Using a reciprocal gene exchange system, we established that FimS from W83 is malfunctional. Complementation analysis with chimeric\n            <jats:italic>fimS<\/jats:italic>\n            constructs revealed that W83 FimS has a defective kinase domain due to a truncated conserved G3 box motif that provides an ATP-binding pocket. The introduction of the functional\n            <jats:italic>fimS<\/jats:italic>\n            from 33277 restored the production, but not polymerization, of endogenous FimA subunits in W83. Further analyses with a\n            <jats:italic>fimA<\/jats:italic>\n            -exchanged W83 isogenic strain showed that even the fimbria-deficient W83 retains the ability to polymerize FimA from 33277, indicating the assembly of mature FimA by a primary structure-dependent mechanism. It also was shown that the substantial expression of 33277-type FimA fimbriae in the W83 derivative requires the introduction and expression of the functional 33277\n            <jats:italic>fimS<\/jats:italic>\n            . These findings indicate that FimSR is the unique and universal regulatory system that activates the\n            <jats:italic>fim<\/jats:italic>\n            gene cluster in a\n            <jats:italic>fimA<\/jats:italic>\n            genotype-independent manner.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.01474-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,30]],"date-time":"2010-01-30T03:59:48Z","timestamp":1264823988000},"page":"1975-1987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Histidine Kinase-Mediated Production and Autoassembly of\n            <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i>\n            Fimbriae"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret J.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, Forsyth Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"131","year":"1998","unstructured":"Akiyama, Y., K. 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