{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:34:54Z","timestamp":1792118094137,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]],"date-time":"2010-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1268611200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            To gain insights into the origin and genome evolution of the plague bacterium\n            <jats:italic>Yersinia pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            , we have sequenced the deep-rooted strain Angola, a virulent Pestoides isolate. Its ancient nature makes this atypical isolate of particular importance in understanding the evolution of plague pathogenicity. Its chromosome features a unique genetic make-up intermediate between modern\n            <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates and its evolutionary ancestor,\n            <jats:italic>Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            . Our genotypic and phenotypic analyses led us to conclude that Angola belongs to one of the most ancient\n            <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            lineages thus far sequenced. The mobilome carries the first reported chimeric plasmid combining the two species-specific virulence plasmids. Genomic findings were validated in virulence assays demonstrating that its pathogenic potential is distinct from modern\n            <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates. Human infection with this particular isolate would not be diagnosed by the standard clinical tests, as Angola lacks the plasmid-borne capsule, and a possible emergence of this genotype raises major public health concerns. To assess the genomic plasticity in\n            <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            , we investigated the global gene reservoir and estimated the pangenome at 4,844 unique protein-coding genes. As shown by the genomic analysis of this evolutionary key isolate, we found that the genomic plasticity within\n            <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            clearly was not as limited as previously thought, which is strengthened by the detection of the largest number of isolate-specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) currently reported in the species. This study identified numerous novel genetic signatures, some of which seem to be intimately associated with plague virulence. These markers are valuable in the development of a robust typing system critical for forensic, diagnostic, and epidemiological studies.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.01518-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,9]],"date-time":"2010-01-09T02:57:25Z","timestamp":1263005845000},"page":"1685-1699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Genome Sequence of the Deep-Rooted\n            <i>Yersinia pestis<\/i>\n            Strain Angola Reveals New Insights into the Evolution and Pangenome of the Plague Bacterium"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Eppinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia L.","family":"Worsham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Bacteriology Division, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikeljon P.","family":"Nikolich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Division of Bacterial &amp; Rickettsial Diseases, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinong","family":"Sebastian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherry","family":"Mou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Bacteriology Division, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Achtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Research Institute (ERI), University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luther E.","family":"Lindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Defense, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, Maryland 20910"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Ravel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17837","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408026101","volume":"101","year":"2004","unstructured":"Achtman, M., G. Morelli, P. Zhu, T. Wirth, I. Diehl, B. Kusecek, A. J. Vogler, D. M. Wagner, C. J. Allender, W. R. Easterday, V. Chenal-Francisque, P. Worsham, N. R. Thomson, J. Parkhill, L. E. Lindler, E. Carniel, and P. Keim. 2004. Microevolution and history of the plague bacillus, Yersinia pestis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 : 17837-17842.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14043","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.24.14043","volume":"96","year":"1999","unstructured":"Achtman, M., K. Zurth, G. Morelli, G. Torrea, A. Guiyoule, and E. Carniel. 1999. Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, is a recently emerged clone of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96 : 14043-14048.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.4.1516-1519.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"107","year":"2006","unstructured":"Adamovicz, J. L., and P. L. Worsham. 2006. Plague, p. 107-135. In J. R. Swearengen (ed.), Biodefense: research methodology and animal models. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL.","journal-title":"Biodefense: research methodology and animal models."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.11.4580-4585.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.2.434-464.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e770","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000770","volume":"2","year":"2007","unstructured":"Auerbach, R. K., A. Tuanyok, W. S. Probert, L. Kenefic, A. J. Vogler, D. C. Bruce, C. Munk, T. S. Brettin, M. Eppinger, J. Ravel, D. M. Wagner, and P. Keim. 2007. Yersinia pestis evolution on a small timescale: comparison of whole genome sequences from North America. PLoS One 2 : e770.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.021170-0","volume":"155","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bearden, S. W., C. Sexton, J. Pare, J. M. Fowler, C. G. Arvidson, L. Yerman, R. E. Viola, and R. R. Brubaker. 2009. Attenuated enzootic (pestoides) isolates of Yersinia pestis express active aspartase. Microbiology 155 : 198-209.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1038\/1791246a0","volume":"179","year":"1957","unstructured":"Burrows, T. W. 1957. Virulence of Pasteurella pestis. Nature 179 : 1246-1247.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Yersinia molecular and cellular biology. 2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13826","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404012101","volume":"101","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chain, P. S., E. Carniel, F. W. Larimer, J. Lamerdin, P. O. Stoutland, W. M. Regala, A. M. Georgescu, L. M. Vergez, M. L. Land, V. L. Motin, R. R. Brubaker, J. Fowler, J. Hinnebusch, M. Marceau, C. Medigue, M. Simonet, V. Chenal-Francisque, B. Souza, D. Dacheux, J. M. Elliott, A. Derbise, L. J. Hauser, and E. Garcia. 2004. Insights into the evolution of Yersinia pestis through whole-genome comparison with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 : 13826-13831.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00124-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.679","volume":"59","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chu, M. C., X. Q. Dong, X. Zhou, and C. F. Garon. 1998. A cryptic 19-kilobase plasmid associated with U.S. isolates of Yersinia pestis: a dimer of the 9.5-kilobase plasmid. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 59 : 679-686.","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01162-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.5.1484-1492.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000128","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000128","volume":"4","year":"2008","unstructured":"Darling, A. E., I. Miklos, and M. A. Ragan. 2008. Dynamics of genome rearrangement in bacterial populations. PLoS Genet. 4 : e1000128.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"156","volume":"120","year":"1996","unstructured":"Davis, K. J., D. L. Fritz, M. L. Pitt, S. L. Welkos, P. L. Worsham, and A. M. Friedlander. 1996. Pathology of experimental pneumonic plague produced by fraction 1-positive and fraction 1-negative Yersinia pestis in African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 120 : 156-163.","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.11.2478","volume":"30","year":"2002","unstructured":"Delcher, A. L., A. Phillippy, J. Carlton, and S. L. Salzberg. 2002. Fast algorithms for large-scale genome alignment and comparison. Nucleic Acids Res. 30 : 2478-2483.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.16.4601-4611.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"509","volume":"16","year":"1953","unstructured":"Devignat, R. 1953. Geographical distribution of three species of Pasteurella pestis. Schweiz. Z Pathol. Bakteriol. 16 : 509-514.","journal-title":"Schweiz. Z Pathol. Bakteriol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01227-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e142","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030142","volume":"3","year":"2007","unstructured":"Eppinger, M., M. J. Rosovitz, W. F. Fricke, D. A. Rasko, G. Kokorina, C. Fayolle, L. E. Lindler, E. Carniel, and J. Ravel. 2007. The complete genome sequence of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IP31758, the causative agent of Far East scarlet-like fever. PLoS Genet. 3 : e142.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.8.3.175"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","first-page":"45","volume":"55","year":"1990","unstructured":"Filippov, A. A., N. S. Solodovnikov, L. M. Kookleva, and O. A. Protsenko. 1990. Plasmid content in Yersinia pestis strains of different origin. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 55 : 45-48.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S178","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.Supplement_2.S178","volume":"21","year":"1995","unstructured":"Friedlander, A. M., S. L. Welkos, P. L. Worsham, G. P. Andrews, D. G. Heath, G. W. Anderson, Jr., M. L. Pitt, J. Estep, and K. Davis. 1995. Relationship between virulence and immunity as revealed in recent studies of the F1 capsule of Yersinia pestis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21(Suppl. 2): S178-S181.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709043371004","volume":"337","year":"1997","unstructured":"Galimand, M., A. Guiyoule, G. Gerbaud, B. Rasoamanana, S. Chanteau, E. Carniel, and P. Courvalin. 1997. Multidrug resistance in Yersinia pestis mediated by a transferable plasmid. N. Engl. J. Med. 337 : 677-680.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-72124-8_2","volume":"603","year":"2007","unstructured":"Garcia, E., P. Worsham, S. Bearden, S. Malfatti, D. Lang, F. Larimer, L. Lindler, and P. Chain. 2007. Pestoides F, an atypical Yersinia pestis strain from the former Soviet Union. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 603 : 17-22.","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5613-5621.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.21.6050-6055.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.3.634-641.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1947.150.1.70","volume":"150","year":"1947","unstructured":"Guyton, A. C. 1947. Measurement of the respiratory volumes of laboratory animals. Am. J. Physiol. 150 : 70.","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1078\/1438-4221-00290","volume":"293","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hacker, J., B. Hochhut, B. Middendorf, G. Schneider, C. Buchrieser, G. Gottschalk, and U. Dobrindt. 2004. Pathogenomics of mobile genetic elements of toxigenic bacteria. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 293 : 453-461.","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00489-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02101694","volume":"22","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hasegawa, M., H. Kishino, and T. Yano. 1985. Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA. J. Mol. Evol. 22 : 160-174.","journal-title":"J. Mol. Evol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000346","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000346","volume":"5","year":"2009","unstructured":"Holden, M. T., Z. Heather, R. Paillot, K. F. Steward, K. Webb, F. Ainslie, T. Jourdan, N. C. Bason, N. E. Holroyd, K. Mungall, M. A. Quail, M. Sanders, M. Simmonds, D. Willey, K. Brooks, D. M. Aanensen, B. G. Spratt, K. A. Jolley, M. C. Maiden, M. Kehoe, N. Chanter, S. D. Bentley, C. Robinson, D. J. Maskell, J. Parkhill, and A. S. Waller. 2009. Genomic evidence for the evolution of Streptococcus equi: host restriction, increased virulence, and genetic exchange with human pathogens. PLoS Pathog. 5 : e1000346.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msj030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S132","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/17.suppl_1.S132","volume":"17","year":"2001","unstructured":"Huson, D. H., K. Reinert, S. A. Kravitz, K. A. Remington, A. L. Delcher, I. M. Dew, M. Flanigan, A. L. Halpern, Z. Lai, C. M. Mobarry, G. G. Sutton, and E. W. Myers. 2001. Design of a compartmentalized shotgun assembler for the human genome. Bioinformatics 17(Suppl. 1): S132-S139.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","first-page":"223","volume":"44","year":"1908","unstructured":"Jaccard, P. 1908. Nouvelles recherches sur la distribution florale. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 44 : 223-270.","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-72124-8_6","volume":"603","year":"2007","unstructured":"Knight, S. D. 2007. Structure and assembly of Yersinia pestis F1 antigen. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 603 : 74-87.","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","first-page":"23","volume":"2008","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kukleva, L. M., G. A. Eroshenko, V. E. Kuklev, N. Shavina, M. Krasnov Ia, N. P. Guseva, and V. V. Kutyrev. 2008. A study of the nucleotide sequence variability of rha locus genes of Yersinia pestis main and non-main subspecies. Mol. Gen. Mikrobiol. Virusol. 2008 : 23-27.","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Mikrobiol. Virusol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R12","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2004-5-2-r12","volume":"5","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kurtz, S., A. Phillippy, A. L. Delcher, M. Smoot, M. Shumway, C. Antonescu, and S. L. Salzberg. 2004. Versatile and open software for comparing large genomes. Genome Biol. 5 : R12.","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1137195","volume":"315","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lathem, W. W., P. A. Price, V. L. Miller, and W. E. Goldman. 2007. A plasminogen-activating protease specifically controls the development of primary pneumonic plague. Science 315 : 509-513.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762004000700011","volume":"99","year":"2004","unstructured":"Leal-Balbino, T. C., N. C. Leal, C. V. Lopes, and A. M. Almeida. 2004. Differences in the stability of the plasmids of Yersinia pestis cultures in vitro: impact on virulence. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 99 : 727-732.","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6000","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006000","volume":"4","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li, Y., Y. Cui, Y. Hauck, M. E. Platonov, E. Dai, Y. Song, Z. Guo, C. Pourcel, S. V. Dentovskaya, A. P. Anisimov, R. Yang, and G. Vergnaud. 2009. Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of Yersinia pestis by MLVA: insights into the worldwide expansion of Central Asia plague foci. PLoS One 4 : e6000.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2166","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002166","volume":"3","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li, Y., E. Dai, Y. Cui, M. Li, Y. Zhang, M. Wu, D. Zhou, Z. Guo, X. Dai, B. Cui, Z. Qi, Z. Wang, H. Wang, X. Dong, Z. Song, J. Zhai, Y. Song, and R. Yang. 2008. Different region analysis for genotyping Yersinia pestis isolates from China. PLoS One 3 : e2166.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2005.09.006","volume":"15","year":"2005","unstructured":"Medini, D., C. Donati, H. Tettelin, V. Masignani, and R. Rappuoli. 2005. The microbial pan-genome. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 15 : 589-594.","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","first-page":"154","volume":"58","year":"1965","unstructured":"Mollaret, H. H., and C. Mollaret. 1965. Melibiose fermentation in the genus Yersina and its importance in the diagnosis of the varieties of Y. pestis. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. Filiales 58 : 154-156.","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. Filiales"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.184.4.1019-1027.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.41.362","volume":"41","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nagamatsu, T., H. Yamasaki, T. Hirota, M. Yamato, Y. Kido, M. Shibata, and F. Yoneda. 1993. Syntheses of 3-substituted 1-methyl-6-phenylpyrimido[5,4-e]-1,2,4-triazine-5,7(1H,6H)-diones (6-phenyl analogs of toxoflavin) and their 4-oxides, and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of toxoflavins and their analogs. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 41 : 362-368.","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/20601","volume":"399","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nelson, K. E., R. A. Clayton, S. R. Gill, M. L. Gwinn, R. J. Dodson, D. H. Haft, E. K. Hickey, J. D. Peterson, W. C. Nelson, K. A. Ketchum, L. McDonald, T. R. Utterback, J. A. Malek, K. D. Linher, M. M. Garrett, A. M. Stewart, M. D. Cotton, M. S. Pratt, C. A. Phillips, D. Richardson, J. Heidelberg, G. G. Sutton, R. D. Fleischmann, J. A. Eisen, O. White, S. L. Salzberg, H. O. Smith, J. C. Venter, and C. M. Fraser. 1999. Evidence for lateral gene transfer between Archaea and bacteria from genome sequence of Thermotoga maritima. Nature 399 : 323-329.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35101607"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35097083"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800029228","volume":"101","year":"1988","unstructured":"Phillips, A. P., B. C. Morris, D. Hall, M. Glenister, and J. E. Williams. 1988. Identification of encapsulated and non-encapsulated Yersinia pestis by immunofluorescence tests using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Epidemiol. Infect. 101 : 59-73.","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.8.2586-2594.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-6-2","volume":"6","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rasko, D. A., G. S. Myers, and J. Ravel. 2005. Visualization of comparative genomic analyses by BLAST score ratio. BMC Bioinformatics 6 : 2.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-4-9","volume":"4","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sekowska, A., V. Denervaud, H. Ashida, K. Michoud, D. Haas, A. Yokota, and A. Danchin. 2004. Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway. BMC Microbiol. 4 : 9.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1800","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001800","volume":"3","year":"2008","unstructured":"Soler Bistu\u00e9, A. J., D. Birshan, A. P. Tomaras, M. Dandekar, T. Tran, J. Newmark, D. Bui, N. Gupta, K. Hernandez, R. Sarno, A. Zorreguieta, L. A. Actis, and M. E. Tolmasky. 2008. Klebsiella pneumoniae multiresistance plasmid pMET1: similarity with the Yersinia pestis plasmid pCRY and integrative conjugative elements. PLoS One 3 : e1800.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/dnares\/11.3.179","volume":"11","year":"2004","unstructured":"Song, Y., Z. Tong, J. Wang, L. Wang, Z. Guo, Y. Han, J. Zhang, D. Pei, D. Zhou, H. Qin, X. Pang, Y. Han, J. Zhai, M. Li, B. Cui, Z. Qi, L. Jin, R. Dai, F. Chen, S. Li, C. Ye, Z. Du, W. Lin, J. Wang, J. Yu, H. Yang, J. Wang, P. Huang, and R. Yang. 2004. Complete genome sequence of Yersinia pestis strain 91001, an isolate avirulent to humans. DNA Res. 11 : 179-197.","journal-title":"DNA Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01648.x","volume":"8","year":"1993","unstructured":"Summers, D. K., C. W. Beton, and H. L. Withers. 1993. Multicopy plasmid instability: the dimer catastrophe hypothesis. Mol. Microbiol. 8 : 1031-1038.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0020206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02618-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000220","volume":"2","year":"2007","unstructured":"Touchman, J. W., D. M. Wagner, J. Hao, S. D. Mastrian, M. K. Shah, A. J. Vogler, C. J. Allender, E. A. Clark, D. S. Benitez, D. J. Youngkin, J. M. Girard, R. K. Auerbach, S. M. Beckstrom-Sternberg, and P. Keim. 2007. A North American Yersinia pestis draft genome sequence: SNPs and phylogenetic analysis. PLoS One 2 : e220.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000344","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000344","volume":"5","year":"2009","unstructured":"Touchon, M., C. Hoede, O. Tenaillon, V. Barbe, S. Baeriswyl, P. Bidet, E. Bingen, S. Bonacorsi, C. Bouchier, O. Bouvet, A. Calteau, H. Chiapello, O. Clermont, S. Cruveiller, A. Danchin, M. Diard, C. Dossat, M. E. Karoui, E. Frapy, L. Garry, J. M. Ghigo, A. M. Gilles, J. Johnson, C. Le Bouguenec, M. Lescat, S. Mangenot, V. Martinez-Jehanne, I. Matic, X. Nassif, S. Oztas, M. A. Petit, C. Pichon, Z. Rouy, C. S. Ruf, D. Schneider, J. Tourret, B. Vacherie, D. Vallenet, C. Medigue, E. P. Rocha, and E. Denamur. 2009. Organised genome dynamics in the Escherichia coli species results in highly diverse adaptive paths. PLoS Genet. 5 : e1000344.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e309","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000309","volume":"2","year":"2007","unstructured":"Welch, T. J., W. F. Fricke, P. F. McDermott, D. G. White, M. L. Rosso, D. A. Rasko, M. K. Mammel, M. Eppinger, M. J. Rosovitz, D. Wagner, L. Rahalison, J. E. Leclerc, J. M. Hinshaw, L. E. Lindler, T. A. Cebula, E. Carniel, and J. Ravel. 2007. Multiple antimicrobial resistance in plague: an emerging public health risk. PLoS One 2 : e309.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","first-page":"299","volume":"13","year":"1995","unstructured":"Welkos, S. L., K. M. Davis, L. M. Pitt, P. L. Worsham, and A. M. Freidlander. 1995. Studies on the contribution of the F1 capsule-associated plasmid pFra to the virulence of Yersinia pestis. Contrib. Microbiol. Immunol. 13 : 299-305.","journal-title":"Contrib. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00530-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.68.3.262","volume":"68","year":"1978","unstructured":"Williams, J. E., D. N. Harrison, T. J. Quan, J. L. Mullins, A. M. Barnes, and D. C. Cavanaugh. 1978. Atypical plague bacilli isolated from rodents, fleas, and man. Am. J. Public Health 68 : 262-264.","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","first-page":"408","volume":"23","year":"1960","unstructured":"Winter, C. C., W. B. Cherry, and M. D. Moody. 1960. An unusual strain of Pasteurella pestis isolated from a fatal human case of plague. Bull. W.H.O. 23 : 408-409.","journal-title":"Bull. W.H.O."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","first-page":"129","volume":"529","year":"2003","unstructured":"Worsham, P. L., and C. Roy. 2003. Pestoides F, a Yersinia pestis strain lacking plasminogen activator, is virulent by the aerosol route. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 529 : 129-131.","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro730","volume":"1","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wren, B. W. 2003. The yersiniae\u2014a model genus to study the rapid evolution of bacterial pathogens. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 1 : 55-64.","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.15.5147-5152.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01477-08"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JB.01518-09","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JB.01518-09","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T17:16:23Z","timestamp":1627578983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JB.01518-09"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JB.01518-09"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.01518-09","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9193","1098-5530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9193","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5530","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-11-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-12-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}