{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:25:38Z","timestamp":1791246338231,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,15]],"date-time":"2008-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1208217600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The Wzz proteins are important for determining the length of the O-antigen side chain attached to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Several bacteria, including\n            <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            strain PAO1 (serogroup O5), produce two such proteins responsible for the preference of two different chain lengths on the surface. Our group has previously identified one\n            <jats:italic>wzz<\/jats:italic>\n            gene (\n            <jats:italic>wzz1<\/jats:italic>\n            ) within the O-antigen locus of\n            <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            strain PA103 (serogroup O11). In this study we have identified the second\n            <jats:italic>wzz<\/jats:italic>\n            gene (\n            <jats:italic>wzz2<\/jats:italic>\n            ), located in the same region of the genome and with 92% similarity to PAO1's\n            <jats:italic>wzz2<\/jats:italic>\n            gene. Mutations were generated in both\n            <jats:italic>wzz<\/jats:italic>\n            genes by interruption with antibiotic resistance cassettes, and the effects of these mutations were characterized. Wild-type PA103 prefers two O-antigen chain lengths, referred to as long and very long. The expression of the long O-antigen chain length was reduced in the\n            <jats:italic>wzz1<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant, indicating the Wzz1 protein is important for this chain length preference. The\n            <jats:italic>wzz2<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant, on the other hand, was missing O-antigens of the very long chain length, indicating the Wzz2 protein is responsible for the production of very long O-antigen. The effects of the\n            <jats:italic>wzz<\/jats:italic>\n            mutations on virulence were also investigated. In both serum sensitivity assays and a mouse pneumonia model of infection, the\n            <jats:italic>wzz1<\/jats:italic>\n            mutants exhibited greater defects in virulence compared to either wild-type PA103 or the\n            <jats:italic>wzz2<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant, indicating the long chain length plays a greater role during these infectious processes.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.01646-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,8]],"date-time":"2007-12-08T01:53:35Z","timestamp":1197078815000},"page":"2709-2716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Chain Length Regulation in\n            <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n            Serogroup O11 Strain PA103"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Erica","family":"Kintz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Scarff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"DiGiandomenico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna B.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02940.x","volume":"44","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bengoechea, J. A., L. Zhang, P. Toivanen, and M. Skurnik. 2002. Regulatory network of lipopolysaccharide O-antigen biosynthesis in Yersinia enterocolitica includes cell envelope-dependent signals. Mol. Microbiol. 44 : 1045-1062.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.3.973-980.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.5.1482-1489.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3499","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/010066-0","volume":"153","year":"2007","unstructured":"Carter, J. A., C. J. Blondel, M. Zaldivar, S. A. Alvarez, C. L. Marolda, M. A. Valvano, and I. Contreras. 2007. O-antigen modal chain length in Shigella flexneri 2a is growth-regulated through RfaH-mediated transcriptional control of the wzy gene. Microbiology 153 : 3499-3507.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-2920.2002.00288.x","volume":"4","year":"2002","unstructured":"Daniels, C., C. Griffiths, B. Cowles, and J. S. Lam. 2002. Pseudomonas aeruginosa O-antigen chain length is determined before ligation to lipid A core. Environ. Microbiol. 4 : 883-897.","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.14.4275-4284.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4624","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608657104","volume":"104","year":"2007","unstructured":"DiGiandomenico, A., J. Rao, K. Harcher, T. S. Zaidi, J. Gardner, A. N. Neely, G. B. Pier, and J. B. Goldberg. 2007. Intranasal immunization with heterologously expressed polysaccharide protects against multiple Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104 : 4624-4629.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.16.2.266-270.1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(87)90041-2","volume":"52","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fellay, R., J. Frey, and H. Krisch. 1987. Interposon mutagenesis of soil and water bacteria: a family of DNA fragments designed for in vitro insertional mutagenesis of gram-negative bacteria. Gene 52 : 147-154.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.4.1648"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(86)90358-6","volume":"48","year":"1986","unstructured":"Furste, J. P., W. Pansegrau, R. Frank, H. Blocker, P. Scholz, M. Bagdasarian, and E. Lanka. 1986. Molecular cloning of the plasmid RP4 primase region in a multi-host-range tacP expression vector. Gene 48 : 119-131.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.1.21-26.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.4.1413-1420.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(98)00130-9","volume":"212","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hoang, T. T., R. R. Karkhoff-Schweizer, A. J. Kutchma, and H. P. Schweizer. 1998. A broad-host-range Flp-FRT recombination system for site-specific excision of chromosomally-located DNA sequences: application for isolation of unmarked Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants. Gene 212 : 77-86.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"19","volume":"29","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jarvis, W. R., and W. J. Martone. 1992. Predominant pathogens in hospital infections. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 29(Suppl. A): 19-24.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.27.5.962-967.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-33-2-256","volume":"33","year":"1983","unstructured":"Liu, P. V., M. H. Kusama, and T. Bergan. 1983. Survey of heat-stable major somatic antigens on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 33 : 256-264.","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/128.4.506","volume":"128","year":"1973","unstructured":"Liu, P. V. 1973. Exotoxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. I. Factors that influence the production of exotoxin A. J. Infect. Dis. 128 : 506-513.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26141-0","volume":"149","year":"2003","unstructured":"Morona, R., C. Daniels, and L. Van Den Bosch. 2003. Genetic modulation of Shigella flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide O antigen modal chain length reveals that it has been optimized for virulence. Microbiology 149 : 925-939.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-146-1-1","volume":"146","year":"2000","unstructured":"Morona, R., L. Van Den Bosch, and C. Daniels. 2000. Evaluation of Wzz\/MPA1\/MPA2 proteins based on the presence of coiled-coil regions. Microbiology 146 : 1-4.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.4.1059-1068.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03383.x","volume":"47","year":"2003","unstructured":"Murray, G. L., S. R. Attridge, and R. Morona. 2003. Regulation of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide O antigen chain length is required for virulence; identification of FepE as a second Wzz. Mol. Microbiol. 47 : 1395-1406.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.7.4224-4232.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.13.3614-3622.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.63.3.523-553.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.1.229-237.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"831","volume":"15","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schweizer, H. P. 1993. Small broad-host-range gentamycin resistance gene cassettes for site-specific insertion and deletion mutagenesis. BioTechniques 15 : 831-834.","journal-title":"BioTechniques"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(95)00055-B","volume":"158","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schweizer, H. P., and T. T. Hoang. 1995. An improved system for gene replacement and xylE fusion analysis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gene 158 : 15-22.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07330.x","volume":"125","year":"1995","unstructured":"Stevenson, G., A. Kessler, and P. R. Reeves. 1995. A plasmid-borne O-antigen chain length determinant and its relationship to other chain length determinants. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 125 : 23-30.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.47.1.46-83.1983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","first-page":"83","volume":"5","year":"1965","unstructured":"Westphal, O., and K. Jann. 1965. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Methods Carbohyr. Chem. 5 : 83-91.","journal-title":"Methods Carbohyr. Chem."}],"container-title":["Journal of Bacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JB.01646-07","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JB.01646-07","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T17:45:18Z","timestamp":1627580718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JB.01646-07"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,15]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JB.01646-07"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.01646-07","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9193","1098-5530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9193","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5530","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-10-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-11-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}