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In<jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>, the causative agent of anthrax, transcription of the two major virulence factors, toxin and capsule, is triggered by bicarbonate, a major compound in the mammalian body. Here it is shown that glucose is an additional signaling molecule recognized by<jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>for toxin synthesis. The presence of glucose increased the expression of the protective antigen toxin component-encoding gene (<jats:italic>pagA<\/jats:italic>) by stimulating induction of transcription of the AtxA virulence transcription factor. Induction of<jats:italic>atxA<\/jats:italic>transcription by glucose required the carbon catabolite protein CcpA via an indirect mechanism. CcpA did not bind specifically to any region of the extended<jats:italic>atxA<\/jats:italic>promoter. The virulence of a<jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>strain from which the<jats:italic>ccpA<\/jats:italic>gene was deleted was significantly attenuated in a mouse model of infection. The data demonstrated that glucose is an important host environment-derived signaling molecule and that CcpA is a molecular link between environmental sensing and<jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.01656-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,23]],"date-time":"2010-10-23T01:10:12Z","timestamp":1287796212000},"page":"52-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Glucose-Dependent Activation of<i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>Toxin Gene Expression and Virulence Requires the Carbon Catabolite Protein CcpA"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"Chiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MEM-116, La Jolla, California 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Bongiorni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MEM-116, La Jolla, California 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Perego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MEM-116, La Jolla, California 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01237-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01038-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(91)90495-W"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.69.4.608-634.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.57.8.2295-2300.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.11.3392-3398.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00766-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01798-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2009.00745.x","volume":"70","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boyer, M., and F. 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