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In addition to the known cellulose (<jats:italic>cel<\/jats:italic>) and acidic exopolysaccharide (EPS) (<jats:italic>pss<\/jats:italic>) genes, we mutated three other loci; one of these loci (<jats:italic>gmsA<\/jats:italic>) determines glucomannan synthesis and one (<jats:italic>gelA<\/jats:italic>) determines a gel-forming polysaccharide, but the role of the other locus (an<jats:italic>exoY<\/jats:italic>-like gene) was not identified. Mutants were tested for attachment and biofilm formation in vitro and on root hairs; the mutant lacking the EPS was defective for both of these characteristics, but mutation of<jats:italic>gelA<\/jats:italic>or the<jats:italic>exoY<\/jats:italic>-like gene had no effect on either type of attachment. The cellulose (<jats:italic>celA<\/jats:italic>) mutant attached and formed normal biofilms in vitro, but it did not form a biofilm on root hairs, although attachment did occur. The cellulose-dependent biofilm on root hairs appears not to be critical for nodulation, because the<jats:italic>celA<\/jats:italic>mutant competed with the wild-type for nodule infection. The glucomannan (<jats:italic>gmsA<\/jats:italic>) mutant attached and formed normal biofilms in vitro, but it was defective for attachment and biofilm formation on root hairs. Although this mutant formed nodules on peas, it was very strongly outcompeted by the wild type in mixed inoculations, showing that glucomannan is critical for competitive nodulation. The polysaccharide synthesis genes around<jats:italic>gmsA<\/jats:italic>are highly conserved among other rhizobia and agrobacteria but are absent from closely related bacteria (such as<jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>spp.) that are not normally plant associated, suggesting that these genes may play a wide role in bacterium-plant interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.01694-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,26]],"date-time":"2008-04-26T00:58:32Z","timestamp":1209171512000},"page":"4706-4715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Glucomannan-Mediated Attachment of<i>Rhizobium leguminosarum<\/i>to Pea Root Hairs Is Required for Competitive Nodule Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Alan","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Krehenbrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela M.","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundacio\u0301n Instituto Leloir, CONICET and IIBBA, FCEyN, University of Buenos Aires, Patricias Argentinas 435, (C1405BWE) Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angeles","family":"Zorreguieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundacio\u0301n Instituto Leloir, CONICET and IIBBA, FCEyN, University of Buenos Aires, Patricias Argentinas 435, (C1405BWE) Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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