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We show that DnrN and ScdA are di-iron proteins that protect their hosts from damage caused by exposure to nitric oxide and to hydrogen peroxide. Loss of FNR-dependent activation of\n            <jats:italic>aniA<\/jats:italic>\n            expression and NsrR-dependent repression of\n            <jats:italic>norB<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>dnrN<\/jats:italic>\n            expression on exposure to NO was restored in the gonococcal parent strain but not in a\n            <jats:italic>dnrN<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant, suggesting that DnrN is necessary for the repair of NO damage to the gonococcal transcription factors, FNR and NsrR. Restoration of aconitase activity destroyed by exposure of\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            to NO or H\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            O\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            required a functional\n            <jats:italic>scdA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of recombinant ScdA purified from\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            confirmed the presence of a di-iron center. The recombinant\n            <jats:italic>scdA<\/jats:italic>\n            plasmid, but not recombinant plasmids encoding the complete\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli sufABCDSE<\/jats:italic>\n            or\n            <jats:italic>iscRSUAhscBAfdx<\/jats:italic>\n            operons, complemented repair defects of an\n            <jats:italic>E. coli ytfE<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant. Analysis of the protein sequence database revealed the importance of the two proteins based on the widespread distribution of highly conserved homologues in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that are human pathogens. We provide in vivo and in vitro evidence that Fe-S clusters damaged by exposure to NO and H\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            O\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            can be repaired by this new protein family, for which we propose the name\n            <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n            epair of\n            <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n            ron\n            <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n            enters, or RIC, proteins.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.01733-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,19]],"date-time":"2008-01-19T01:59:34Z","timestamp":1200707974000},"page":"2004-2013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Widespread Distribution in Pathogenic Bacteria of Di-Iron Proteins That Repair Oxidative and Nitrosative Damage to Iron-Sulfur Centers"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Tim W.","family":"Overton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta C.","family":"Justino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qui\u0301mica e Biolo\u0301gica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Repu\u0301blica (EAN), 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana M.","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qui\u0301mica e Biolo\u0301gica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Repu\u0301blica (EAN), 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana M. P.","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qui\u0301mica e Biolo\u0301gica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Repu\u0301blica (EAN), 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Universidade Luso\u0301fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Avenida do Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u0301gia M.","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qui\u0301mica e Biolo\u0301gica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Repu\u0301blica (EAN), 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5326.653","volume":"277","year":"1997","unstructured":"Beinert, H., R. 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