{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:19:46Z","timestamp":1782285586091,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]],"date-time":"2007-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Gene conversion mediates the variation of virulence-associated surface structures on pathogenic microorganisms, which prevents host humoral immune responses from being effective. One of the best-studied gene conversion systems is antigenic variation (Av) of the pilin subunit of the\n            <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            type IV pilus. To identify\n            <jats:italic>cis-<\/jats:italic>\n            acting DNA sequences that facilitate Av, the 700-bp region upstream of the pilin gene\n            <jats:italic>pilE<\/jats:italic>\n            was targeted for transposon mutagenesis. Four classes of transposon-associated mutations were isolated, distinguishable by their pilus-associated phenotypes: (i) insertions that did not alter Av or piliation, (ii) insertions that blocked Av, (iii) insertions that interfered with Av, and (iv) insertions that interfered with pilus expression and Av. Mutagenesis of the\n            <jats:italic>pilE<\/jats:italic>\n            promoter did not affect the frequency of Av, directly demonstrating that pilin Av is independent of\n            <jats:italic>pilE<\/jats:italic>\n            transcription. Two stretches of sequence upstream of\n            <jats:italic>pilE<\/jats:italic>\n            were devoid of transposon insertions, and some deletions in these regions were not recoverable, suggesting that they are essential for gonococcal viability. Insertions that blocked pilin Av were located downstream of the RS1 repeat sequence, and deletion of the region surrounding these insertions completely abrogated pilin Av, confirming that specific sequences 5\u2032 to\n            <jats:italic>pilE<\/jats:italic>\n            are essential for the recombination events underlying pilin Av.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.01911-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,17]],"date-time":"2007-02-17T01:44:30Z","timestamp":1171676670000},"page":"3462-3470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Transposon Mutagenesis Identifies Sites Upstream of the\n            <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae pilE<\/i>\n            Gene That Modulate Pilin Antigenic Variation"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Kline","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison K.","family":"Criss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Steven","family":"Seifert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.3.731-739.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.9.2497-2504.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2003.11.039","volume":"335","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ason, B., and W. S. Reznikoff. 2004. DNA sequence bias during Tn5 transposition. J. Mol. Biol. 335 : 1213-1225.","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(91)90147-X","volume":"9","year":"1991","unstructured":"Boslego, J. W., E. C. Tramont, R. C. Chung, D. G. McChesney, J. Ciak, J. C. Sadoff, M. V. 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