{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:15:07Z","timestamp":1785795307794,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Norepinephrine (NE), the primary neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system, has been reported to be a chemoattractant for enterohemorrhagic\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            (EHEC). Here we show that nonpathogenic\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            K-12 grown in the presence of 2 \u03bcM NE is also attracted to NE. Growth with NE induces transcription of genes encoding the tyramine oxidase, TynA, and the aromatic aldehyde dehydrogenase, FeaB, whose respective activities can, in principle, convert NE to 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid (DHMA). Our results indicate that the apparent attractant response to NE is in fact chemotaxis to DHMA, which was found to be a strong attractant for\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Only strains of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            K-12 that produce TynA and FeaB exhibited an attractant response to NE. We demonstrate that DHMA is sensed by the serine chemoreceptor Tsr and that the chemotaxis response requires an intact serine-binding site. The threshold concentration for detection is \u22645 nM DHMA, and the response is inhibited at DHMA concentrations above 50 \u03bcM. Cells producing a heterodimeric Tsr receptor containing only one functional serine-binding site still respond like the wild type to low concentrations of DHMA, but their response persists at higher concentrations. We propose that chemotaxis to DHMA generated from NE by bacteria that have already colonized the intestinal epithelium may recruit\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            and other enteric bacteria that possess a Tsr-like receptor to preferred sites of infection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.02065-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,3]],"date-time":"2014-09-03T12:10:53Z","timestamp":1409746253000},"page":"3992-4000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Chemotaxis of Escherichia coli to Norepinephrine (NE) Requires Conversion of NE to 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic Acid"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"196","author":[{"given":"Sasikiran","family":"Pasupuleti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitesh","family":"Sule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William B.","family":"Cohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duncan S.","family":"MacKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arul","family":"Jayaraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Manson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.21.6091-6098.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5576-0_5","volume-title":"Microbial endrocrinology: interkingdom signaling in infectious disease and health","author":"Green BT","year":"2010","unstructured":"GreenBTBrownDR. 2010. Interactions between bacteria and the gut mucosa. Do enteric neurotransmitters acting on the gut mucosal epithelium influence intestinal colonization or infection?, p 89\u2013110. In LyteMLFreestonePPE (ed), Microbial endrocrinology: interkingdom signaling in infectious disease and health. Springer, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5576-0_12","volume-title":"Microbial endrocrinology: interkingdom signaling in infectious disease and health","author":"Moreira CG","year":"2010","unstructured":"MoreiraCGSperandioV. 2010. The epinephrine\/norepinephrine\/autoinducer-3 interkingdom signaling system of Escherichia coli O157:H7, p 213\u2013227. In LyteMLFreestonePPE (ed), Microbial endrocrinology: interkingdom signaling in infectious disease and health. Springer, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0604343103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01038-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-010-1050-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5576-0_6","volume-title":"Microbial endrocrinology: interkingdom signaling in infectious disease and health","author":"Stevens MP","year":"2010","unstructured":"StevensMP. 2010. Modulation of the interaction of enteric bacteria with intestinal mucosa by stress-related catecholamines, p 111\u2013134. In LyteMLFreestonePPE (ed), Microbial endrocrinology: interkingdom signaling in infectious disease and health. Springer, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2007.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00630-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5576-0_2","volume-title":"Microbial endrocrinology: interkingdom signaling in infectious disease and health","author":"Roshchina VV","year":"2010","unstructured":"RoshchinaVV. 2010. Evolutionary considerations of neurotransmitters in microbial, plant, and animal cells, p 17\u201352. In LyteMLFreestonePPE (ed), Microbial endrocrinology: interkingdom signaling in infectious disease and health. Springer, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.06826.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(92)90273-R"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1997.5130"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01203-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.151.1.106-113.1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/msb4100050"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1339"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(92)90629-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.163.3.841-849.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-198-1_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02952-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0931258100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023126"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)41044-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.56.3.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00508-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02406"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi050567y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2lc21006a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.221887"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00187a025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5286.425"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00964.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00750-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.06819.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00169a002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","volume-title":"Microfluidic systems for investigating bacterial chemotaxis and colonization","author":"Englert DL","year":"2009","unstructured":"EnglertDL. 2009. Microfluidic systems for investigating bacterial chemotaxis and colonization. Ph.D. dissertation. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8456299"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(82)90421-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.154.1.312-323.1983"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5458.1652"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.115.3.824-847.1973"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","first-page":"49","volume-title":"The lactose operon","author":"Kennedy EP","year":"1970","unstructured":"KennedyEP. 1970. The lactose permease system of Escherichia coli, p 49\u201392. In BeckwithJRZipserD (ed), The lactose operon. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","first-page":"27","volume-title":"The lactose operon","author":"Zabin I","year":"1970","unstructured":"ZabinIFowlerAV. 1970. \u03b2-Galactosidase and thiogalactoside transacetylase, p 27\u201347. In BeckwithJRZipserD (ed), The lactose operon. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1969.tb00656.x","article-title":"The galactose binding protein and its relationship to the beta-methylgalactoside permease from Escherichia coli","volume":"10","author":"Boos W","year":"1969","unstructured":"BoosW. 1969. The galactose binding protein and its relationship to the beta-methylgalactoside permease from Escherichia coli. Eur. J. Biochem. 10:66\u201373.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.1.260"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023594"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.12.3687-3694.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01196-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-147-5-1383","article-title":"Assessment of GFP fluorescence in cells of Streptococcus gordonii under conditions of low pH and low oxygen concentration","volume":"147","author":"Hansen MC","year":"2001","unstructured":"HansenMCPalmerRJJrUdsenCWhiteDCMolinS. 2001. Assessment of GFP fluorescence in cells of Streptococcus gordonii under conditions of low pH and low oxygen concentration. Microbiology 147:1383\u20131391.","journal-title":"Microbiology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JB.02065-14","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JB.02065-14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T17:37:27Z","timestamp":1627580247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JB.02065-14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JB.02065-14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.02065-14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9193","1098-5530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9193","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5530","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-07-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-08-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-10-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}