{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:01:07Z","timestamp":1791349267590,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Bacteriol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>During exposure to certain stresses, bacteria dimerize pairs of 70S ribosomes into translationally silent 100S particles in a process called ribosome hibernation. Although the biological roles of ribosome hibernation are not completely understood, this process appears to represent a conserved and adaptive response that contributes to optimal survival during stress and post-exponential-phase growth. Hibernating ribosomes are formed by the activity of one or more highly conserved proteins; gammaproteobacteria produce two relevant proteins, ribosome modulation factor (RMF) and hibernation promoting factor (HPF), while most Gram-positive bacteria produce a single, longer HPF protein. Here, we report the formation of 100S ribosomes by an HPF homolog in<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>.<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>100S ribosomes were observed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation of bacterial extracts during mid-logarithmic phase, peaked at the transition to stationary phase, and persisted at lower levels during post-exponential-phase growth. 100S ribosomes were undetectable in bacteria carrying an<jats:italic>hpf<\/jats:italic>::<jats:italic>Himar1<\/jats:italic>transposon insertion, indicating that HPF is required for ribosome hibernation in<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>. Additionally, epitope-tagged HPF cosedimented with 100S ribosomes, supporting its previously described direct role in 100S formation. We examined<jats:italic>hpf<\/jats:italic>mRNA by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and identified several conditions that upregulated its expression, including carbon starvation, heat shock, and exposure to high concentrations of salt or ethanol. Survival of HPF-deficient bacteria was impaired under certain conditions both<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and during animal infection, providing evidence for the biological relevance of 100S ribosome formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.02223-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,25]],"date-time":"2014-11-25T03:27:05Z","timestamp":1416886025000},"page":"581-591","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["The Listeria monocytogenes Hibernation-Promoting Factor Is Required for the Formation of 100S Ribosomes, Optimal Fitness, and Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"197","author":[{"given":"Benjamin C.","family":"Kline","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susannah L.","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William 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