{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T20:35:42Z","timestamp":1780346142902,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Bacteriol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ability to form biofilms is critical for environmental survival and transmission of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:named-content>, a facultative human pathogen responsible for the disease cholera. Biofilm formation is controlled by several transcriptional regulators and alternative sigma factors. In this study, we report that the two main positive regulators of biofilm formation, VpsR and VpsT, bind to nonoverlapping target sequences in the regulatory region of<jats:italic>vpsL in vitro<\/jats:italic>. VpsR binds to a proximal site (the R1 box) as well as a distal site (the R2 box) with respect to the transcriptional start site identified upstream of<jats:italic>vpsL<\/jats:italic>. The VpsT binding site (the T box) is located between the R1 and R2 boxes. While mutations in the T and R boxes resulted in a decrease in<jats:italic>vpsL<\/jats:italic>expression, deletion of the T and R2 boxes resulted in an increase in<jats:italic>vpsL<\/jats:italic>expression. Analysis of the role of H-NS in<jats:italic>vpsL<\/jats:italic>expression revealed that deletion of<jats:italic>hns<\/jats:italic>resulted in enhanced<jats:italic>vpsL<\/jats:italic>expression. The level of<jats:italic>vpsL<\/jats:italic>expression was higher in an<jats:italic>hns vpsT<\/jats:italic>double mutant than in the parental strain but lower than that in an<jats:italic>hns<\/jats:italic>mutant.<jats:italic>In silico<\/jats:italic>analysis of the regulatory regions of the VpsR and VpsT targets resulted in the identification of conserved recognition motifs for VpsR and VpsT and revealed that operons involved in biofilm formation and<jats:italic>vpsT<\/jats:italic>are coregulated by VpsR and VpsT. Furthermore, a comparative genomics analysis revealed substantial variability in the promoter region of the<jats:italic>vpsT<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>vpsL<\/jats:italic>genes among extant<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>isolates, suggesting that regulation of biofilm formation is under active selection.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold><jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:named-content>causes cholera and is a natural inhabitant of aquatic environments. One critical factor that is important for environmental survival and transmission of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>is the microbe's ability to form biofilms, which are surface-associated communities encased in a matrix composed of the exopolysaccharide VPS (<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\"><jats:underline>V<\/jats:underline>ibrio<\/jats:named-content><jats:underline>p<\/jats:underline>oly<jats:underline>s<\/jats:underline>accharide), proteins, and nucleic acids. Two proteins, VpsR and VpsT, positively regulate VPS production and biofilm formation. We characterized the structural features of the promoter of the<jats:italic>vpsL<\/jats:italic>gene, determined the target sequences recognized by VpsT and VpsR, and analyzed their distribution and conservation patterns in multiple<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>isolates. This work fills a fundamental gap in our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms employed by the master regulators VpsR and VpsT in controlling biofilm matrix production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.02439-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,27]],"date-time":"2015-01-27T02:33:48Z","timestamp":1422326028000},"page":"1221-1235","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Identification and Characterization of VpsR and VpsT Binding Sites in Vibrio cholerae"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"197","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Zamorano-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiunn C. N.","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sefa","family":"Kilic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Erill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fitnat H.","family":"Yildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20180919081448_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2415","article-title":"The biofilm matrix","volume":"8","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32834a88af","article-title":"Cholera in the 21st century","volume":"24","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.4.1301-1314.1998","article-title":"Epidemiology, genetics, and ecology of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae","volume":"62","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92038-2","article-title":"Coexistence of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 Bengal in plankton in Bangladesh","volume":"345","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2007.tb03924.x","article-title":"Biofilm acts as a microenvironment for plankton-associated Vibrio cholerae in the aquatic environment of Bangladesh","volume":"51","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.1997.tb00373.x","article-title":"Attachment of Vibrio cholerae under various environmental conditions and to selected substrates","volume":"22","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.45.1.275-283.1983","article-title":"Ecological relationships between Vibrio cholerae and planktonic crustacean copepods","volume":"45","year":"1983","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.48.2.420-424.1984","article-title":"Influence of water temperature, salinity, and pH on survival and growth of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae serovar O1 associated with live copepods in laboratory microcosms","volume":"48","year":"1984","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17801","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705599104","article-title":"Viable but nonculturable Vibrio cholerae O1 in biofilms in the aquatic environment and their role in cholera transmission","volume":"104","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0237386100","article-title":"Reduction of cholera in Bangladeshi villages by simple filtration","volume":"100","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6350","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601277103","article-title":"Transmissibility of cholera: in vivo-formed biofilms and their relationship to infectivity and persistence in the environment","volume":"103","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4028","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.4028","article-title":"Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor: identification of a gene cluster required for the rugose colony type, exopolysaccharide production, chlorine resistance, and biofilm formation","volume":"96","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e86751","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086751","article-title":"Structural characterization of the extracellular polysaccharide from Vibrio cholerae O1 El-Tor","volume":"9","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.3.1049-1059.2006","article-title":"Identification and characterization of RbmA, a novel protein required for the development of rugose colony morphology and biofilm structure in Vibrio cholerae","volume":"188","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01569-06","article-title":"The rbmBCDEF gene cluster modulates development of rugose colony morphology and biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae","volume":"189","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04797.x","article-title":"Identification of novel stage-specific genetic requirements through whole genome transcription profiling of Vibrio cholerae biofilm development","volume":"57","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002210","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002210","article-title":"A communal bacterial adhesin anchors biofilm and bystander cells to surfaces","volume":"7","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222981","article-title":"Molecular architecture and assembly principles of Vibrio cholerae biofilms","volume":"337","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.040196-0","article-title":"Role of Vibrio polysaccharide (vps) genes in VPS production, biofilm formation and Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis","volume":"156","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04155.x","article-title":"Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) regulates Vibrio cholerae biofilm formation","volume":"53","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3600","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.10.3600-3613.2006","article-title":"Transcriptome and phenotypic responses of Vibrio cholerae to increased cyclic di-GMP level","volume":"188","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05568.x","article-title":"Smooth to rugose phase variation in Vibrio cholerae can be mediated by a single nucleotide change that targets c-di-GMP signalling pathway","volume":"63","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.5.1716-1726.2001","article-title":"VpsR, a member of the response regulators of the two-component regulatory systems, is required for expression of vps biosynthesis genes and EPS(ETr)-associated phenotypes in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor","volume":"183","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.5.1574-1578.2004","article-title":"VpsT is a transcriptional regulator required for expression of vps biosynthesis genes and the development of rugose colonial morphology in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor","volume":"186","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1181185","article-title":"Vibrio cholerae VpsT regulates matrix production and motility by directly sensing cyclic di-GMP","volume":"327","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6331","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.05167-11","article-title":"Integration of cyclic di-GMP and quorum sensing in the control of vpsT and aphA in Vibrio cholerae","volume":"193","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04154.x","article-title":"Molecular analysis of rugosity in a Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor phase variant","volume":"53","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00981-06","article-title":"Regulation of rugosity and biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae: comparison of VpsT and VpsR regulons and epistasis analysis of vpsT, vpsR, and hapR","volume":"189","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05693.x","article-title":"The quorum sensing regulator HapR downregulates the expression of the virulence gene transcription factor AphA in Vibrio cholerae by antagonizing Lrp- and VpsR-mediated activation","volume":"64","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00993-13","article-title":"The LuxR-type regulator VpsT negatively controls the transcription of rpoS, encoding the general stress response regulator, in Vibrio cholerae biofilms","volume":"196","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01756-07","article-title":"Quorum sensing controls biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae through modulation of cyclic di-GMP levels and repression of vpsT","volume":"190","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.07629-11","article-title":"The histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS) is a repressor of Vibrio cholerae exopolysaccharide biosynthesis (vps) genes","volume":"78","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7482","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01564-07","article-title":"The cyclic AMP receptor protein modulates colonial morphology in Vibrio cholerae","volume":"73","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2964","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/006668-0","article-title":"The cyclic AMP receptor protein modulates quorum sensing, motility and multiple genes that affect intestinal colonization in Vibrio cholerae","volume":"153","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6646","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00466-08","article-title":"Interplay between cyclic AMP-cyclic AMP receptor protein and cyclic di-GMP signaling in Vibrio cholerae biofilm formation","volume":"190","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e115","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks596","article-title":"Primer3\u2014new capabilities and interfaces","volume":"40","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5089","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01929-05","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii HrpY, a conserved response regulator of the Hrp type III secretion system, and its interaction with the hrpS promoter","volume":"188","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B38","first-page":"103","article-title":"Identification of the DNA bases of a DNase I footprint by the use of dye primer sequencing on an automated capillary DNA analysis instrument","volume":"17","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biomol Tech"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.06418-11","article-title":"Further unraveling the regulatory twist by elucidating metabolic coinducer-mediated CbbR-cbbI promoter interactions in Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA010","volume":"194","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.170.6.2575-2583.1988","article-title":"A novel suicide vector and its use in construction of insertion mutations: osmoregulation of outer membrane proteins and virulence determinants in Vibrio cholerae requires toxR","volume":"170","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.3.1393-1404.1999","article-title":"Genetic characterization of a new type IV-A pilus gene cluster found in both classical and El Tor biotypes of Vibrio cholerae","volume":"67","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4082","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01540-08","article-title":"Identification and characterization of OscR, a transcriptional regulator involved in osmolarity adaptation in Vibrio cholerae","volume":"191","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2010.08.001","article-title":"Genetic manipulation of Vibrio cholerae by combining natural transformation with FLP recombination","volume":"64","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plasmid"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1120096","article-title":"Chitin induces natural competence in Vibrio cholerae","volume":"310","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp163","article-title":"Biopython: freely available Python tools for computational molecular biology and bioinformatics","volume":"25","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2202\/1544-6115.1032","article-title":"On the power of profiles for transcription factor binding site detection","volume":"2","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-7-389","article-title":"Fast index based algorithms and software for matching position specific scoring matrices","volume":"7","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389","article-title":"Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs","volume":"25","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","article-title":"CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice","volume":"22","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-57","article-title":"A reexamination of information theory-based methods for DNA-binding site identification","volume":"10","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D366","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp911","article-title":"phiSITE: database of gene regulation in bacteriophages","volume":"38","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2004.07.057","article-title":"Geometric and dynamic requirements for DNA looping, wrapping and unwrapping in the activation of E. coli glnAp2 transcription by NtrC","volume":"342","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1418306","article-title":"The structural basis for regulated assembly and function of the transcriptional activator NtrC","volume":"20","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4295","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.15.4295-4303.2000","article-title":"Vibrio cholerae H-NS silences virulence gene expression at multiple steps in the ToxR regulatory cascade","volume":"182","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02721.x","article-title":"Regulation of gene expression in Vibrio cholerae by ToxT involves both antirepression and RNA polymerase stimulation","volume":"43","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00429-09","article-title":"The virulence transcriptional activator AphA enhances biofilm formation by Vibrio cholerae by activating expression of the biofilm regulator VpsT","volume":"78","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05106.x","article-title":"Cyclic-diGMP signal transduction systems in Vibrio cholerae: modulation of rugosity and biofilm formation","volume":"60","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6557","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.172.11.6557-6567.1990","article-title":"Transposon vectors containing non-antibiotic resistance selection markers for cloning and stable chromosomal insertion of foreign genes in gram-negative bacteria","volume":"172","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(94)35157-0","article-title":"Analysis and construction of stable phenotypes in gram-negative bacteria with Tn5- and Tn10-derived minitransposons","volume":"235","year":"1994","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.06.009","article-title":"The small RNA chaperone Hfq and multiple small RNAs control quorum sensing in Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio cholerae","volume":"118","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"key20180919081448_B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3761","DOI":"10.3791\/3761","article-title":"TransFLP\u2014a method to genetically modify Vibrio cholerae based on natural transformation and FLP-recombination","volume":"2012","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1128\/JB.02439-14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T17:39:00Z","timestamp":1627580340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JB.02439-14"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"G. A.","family":"O'Toole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,26]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JB.02439-14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.02439-14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9193","1098-5530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9193","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5530","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,26]]}}}