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Transcription of<jats:italic>cbtJKL<\/jats:italic>initiated 384 nucleotides upstream from the<jats:italic>cbtJ<\/jats:italic>translation start codon, and the resulting 5\u2032 region contained a putative B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>riboswitch. Expression of the<jats:italic>cbtJKL<\/jats:italic>genes appeared to be controlled by (cobalt-loaded) cobalamin interacting at the B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>riboswitch, since (i) a putative B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>riboswitch was located within this large upstream region, (ii)<jats:italic>cbtJ<\/jats:italic>transcription was repressed upon addition of cobalt or vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>, and (iii) deletions in the B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>riboswitch resulted in constitutive<jats:italic>cbtJKL<\/jats:italic>transcription. Insertion mutants in<jats:italic>cbtJKL<\/jats:italic>failed to grow in LB medium, and growth was restored through the addition of cobalt but not other metals. This growth phenotype appeared to be due to the chelation of cobalt present in LB, and<jats:italic>cbtJKL<\/jats:italic>mutants also failed to grow in minimal medium containing the chelating agent EDTA unless the medium was supplemented with additional or excess cobalt. In uptake experiments,<jats:sup>57<\/jats:sup>Co<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>accumulation was high in wild-type cells expressing the<jats:italic>cbtJKL<\/jats:italic>genes, whereas wild-type cells in which<jats:italic>cbtJKL<\/jats:italic>expression was repressed showed reduced accumulation. In<jats:italic>cbtJKL<\/jats:italic>mutant cells,<jats:sup>57<\/jats:sup>Co<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>accumulation was reduced relative to that of the wild type, and presumably, this residual cobalt transport occurred via an alternate ion uptake system(s) that is not specific to cobalt. In symbiosis, the alternate system(s) appeared to mediate cobalt transport into bacteroid cells, as low<jats:italic>cbtJKL<\/jats:italic>expression was detected in bacteroids and<jats:italic>cbtJKL<\/jats:italic>mutants formed N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-fixing nodules on alfalfa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.05045-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,4]],"date-time":"2011-07-04T11:30:19Z","timestamp":1309779019000},"page":"4405-4416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["An ABC-Type Cobalt Transport System Is Essential for Growth of Sinorhizobium melilotiat Trace Metal Concentrations"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Jiujun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Branislava","family":"Poduska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turlough M.","family":"Finan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.15.4540-4547.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.128.1.242-247.1976"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Reference deleted."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2008.11.006","article-title":"A portal for rhizobial genomes: RhizoGATE integrates a Sinorhizobium melilotigenome annotation update with postgenome data","volume":"140","author":"Becker A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"BeckerA.. 2009. 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