{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T20:05:24Z","timestamp":1771272324300,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            It is well established that the\n            <jats:underline>f<\/jats:underline>\n            erric\n            <jats:underline>u<\/jats:underline>\n            ptake\n            <jats:underline>r<\/jats:underline>\n            egulatory protein (Fur) functions as a transcriptional repressor in diverse microorganisms. Recent studies demonstrated that Fur also functions as a transcriptional activator. In this study we defined Fur-mediated activation of gene transcription in the sexually transmitted disease pathogen\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Analysis of 37 genes which were previously determined to be iron induced and which contained putative Fur boxes revealed that only 30 of these genes exhibited reduced transcription in a gonococcal\n            <jats:italic>fur<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant strain. Fur-mediated activation was established by examining binding of Fur to the putative promoter regions of 16 Fur-activated genes with variable binding affinities observed. Only \u223c50% of the newly identified Fur-regulated genes bound Fur\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            , suggesting that additional regulatory circuits exist which may function through a Fur-mediated indirect mechanism. The gonococcal Fur-activated genes displayed variable transcription patterns in a\n            <jats:italic>fur<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant strain, which correlated with the position of the Fur box in each (promoter) region. These results suggest that Fur-mediated direct transcriptional activation is fulfilled by multiple mechanisms involving either competing with a repressor or recruiting RNA polymerase. Collectively, our studies have established that gonococcal Fur functions as an activator of gene transcription through both direct and indirect mechanisms.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.06176-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,29]],"date-time":"2012-01-29T01:33:08Z","timestamp":1327800788000},"page":"1730-1742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Fur-Mediated Activation of Gene Transcription in the Human Pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Chunxiao","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline Attardo","family":"Genco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.7.4281-4287.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01830-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"User bulletin no. 2: relative quantification of gene expression","author":"Applied Biosystems","year":"1997","unstructured":"Applied Biosystems. 1997. 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