{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T09:08:35Z","timestamp":1792487315180,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,15]],"date-time":"2012-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331769600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:named-content>is the primary causative agent of the most widespread zoonotic disease, leptospirosis. An in-depth structural characterization of<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">L. interrogans<\/jats:named-content>is needed to understand its biology and pathogenesis. In this study, cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) was used to compare pathogenic and saprophytic species and examine the unique morphological features of this group of bacteria. Specifically, our study revealed a structural difference between the cell envelopes of<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">L. interrogans<\/jats:named-content>and<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content><jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">biflexa<\/jats:named-content>involving variations in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer. Through cryo-ET and subvolume averaging, we determined the first three-dimensional (3-D) structure of the flagellar motor of leptospira, with novel features in the flagellar C ring, export apparatus, and stator. Together with direct visualization of chemoreceptor arrays, DNA packing, periplasmic filaments, spherical cytoplasmic bodies, and a unique \u201ccap\u201d at the cell end, this report provides structural insights into these fascinating<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.06474-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,7]],"date-time":"2012-01-07T05:05:13Z","timestamp":1325912713000},"page":"1299-1306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Three-Dimensional Structures of Pathogenic and Saprophytic Leptospira Species Revealed by Cryo-Electron Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Gianmarco","family":"Raddi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dustin R.","family":"Morado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Haake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Urology, and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X. 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