{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T00:07:27Z","timestamp":1790986047206,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1981,10,1]],"date-time":"1981-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":370742400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous investigators using the extent of uptake of the weak base methylamine to measure internal pH have shown that the pH in the core region of dormant spores of Bacillus megaterium is 6.3 to 6.5. Elevation of the internal pH of spores by 1.6 U had no significant effect on their degree of dormancy or their heat or ultraviolet light resistance. Surprisingly, the rate of methylamine uptake into dormant spores was slow (time for half-maximal uptake, 2.5 h at 24 degrees C). Most of the methylamine taken up by dormant spores was rapidly (time for half-maximal uptake, less than 3 min) released during spore germination as the internal pH of spores rose to approximately 7.5. This rise in internal spore pH took place before dipicolinic acid release, was not abolished by inhibition of energy metabolism, and during germination at pH 8.0 was accompanied by a decrease in the pH of the germination medium. Also accompanying the rise in internal spore pH during germination was the release of greater than 80% of the spores K+ and Na+. The K+ was subsequently reabsorbed in an energy-dependent process. These data indicate (i) that between pH 6.2 and 7.8 internal spore pH has little effect on dormant spore properties, (ii) that there is a strong permeability barrier in dormant spores to movement of charged molecules and small uncharged molecules, and (iii) that extremely early in spore germination this permeability barrier is breached, allowing rapid release of internal monovalent cations (H+, Na+, and K+).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.148.1.20-29.1981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T17:24:44Z","timestamp":1578072284000},"page":"20-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Levels of H+ and other monovalent cations in dormant and germinating spores of Bacillus megaterium"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"B M","family":"Swerdlow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Setlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Setlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(63)90039-1","article-title":"Base exchange and heat resistance in bacterial spores","volume":"10","author":"Alderton G.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Alderton , G. , and N. Snell . 1963 . Base exchange and heat resistance in bacterial spores . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 10 : 139 - 143 .","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.5.2470","article-title":"Measurement of the internal pH of yeast spores by 31p nuclear magnetic resonance","volume":"77","author":"Barton J. K.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Barton , J. K. , J. A. den Hollander , T. M. Lee , A. MacLaughlin , and R. G. Shulman . 1980 . Measurement of the internal pH of yeast spores by 31p nuclear magnetic resonance . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77 : 2470 - 2473 .","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"p_3","unstructured":"Dring G. J. and G. W. Gould. 1971. Movement of potassium during L-alanine-initiated germination of Bacillus subtilis spores p. 133-142. In A. N. Barker G. W. Gould and J. Wolf (ed.) Spore research 1971. Academic Press London."},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-65-1-101","article-title":"Sequence of events during rapid germination of spores of Bacillus cereus","volume":"66","author":"Dring G. J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Dring , G. J. , and G. W. Gould . 1971 . Sequence of events during rapid germination of spores of Bacillus cereus . J. Gen. Microbiol. 66 : 101 - 104 .","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"p_5","unstructured":"Eisenstadt E. and S. Silver. 1972. Restoration ofcation transport during germination p. 443-448. In H. 0. Halvorson R. Hanson and L. L. Campbell (ed.) Spores V. American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C."},{"key":"p_6","first-page":"296","article-title":"Spore specific structures and their function","volume":"28","author":"Ellar D. J.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ellar , D. J. 1978 . Spore specific structures and their function . Symp. Soc. Gen. 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