{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T13:00:31Z","timestamp":1791205231642,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1982,5,1]],"date-time":"1982-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":389059200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The frequency of plasmid establishment in the transformation of\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            by plasmid DNA was increased more than 10-fold when the plasmid carried DNA homologous to the host chromosome. Perfect homology was not necessary for such facilitation; small additions or deletions were tolerated, but extensive deletions in the homologous segment of either plasmid or chromosome reduced or eliminated facilitation. The facilitated plasmid transfer showed a linear dependence on monomeric plasmid concentration rather than the quadratic dependence found in the absence of homology, which indicated that entering plasmid fragments interacted with the chromosome rather than with each other to establish a plasmid replicon. Restriction enzyme cleavage of the plasmid in the nonhomologous segment destroyed its activity, but cleavage in the homologous segment or even enzymatic removal of part of that segment did not prevent plasmid transfer, and plasmids of the original size were established. In facilitated transfer, chromosomal markers (additions and deletions as well as single-site mutations) entered the plasmid with a frequency ranging from 10 to 90% depending on the marker location. Several possible mechanisms for the establishment of plasmids in the presence of chromosomal homology and for the transfer of chromosomal information are considered. They depend on synapsis of the newly entered single-strand plasmid fragment with the host chromosome and subsequent copying of, donation from, or integration into the homologous chromosomal segment. After plasmid establishment, equilibration of donor and chromosomal markers between the chromosome and the plasmid pool, presumably by homologous recombination events, was observed.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.150.2.692-701.1982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T16:42:30Z","timestamp":1578069750000},"page":"692-701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Facilitation of Plasmid Transfer in\n            <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>\n            by Chromosomal Homology"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Paloma","family":"Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane L.","family":"Stassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanford A.","family":"Lacks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.144.2.698-709.1980","article-title":"Genetic transformation of Streptococcus pneumoniae by heterologous plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid","volume":"144","author":"Barany F.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Barany , F. , and A. Tomasz . 1980 . Genetic transformation of Streptococcus pneumoniae by heterologous plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid . J. Bacteriol. 144 : 698 - 709 .","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2660(08)60286-2","volume":"11","author":"Campbel A.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Campbel , A. 1962 . Episomes. Adv. Genet. 11 : 101 - 145 .","journal-title":"Episomes. Adv. Genet."},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00428732","article-title":"Plasmid transformation in Bacillus subtilis: effects of insertion of Bacillus subtilis DNA into plasmid pC194","volume":"181","author":"Canoli U.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Canoli , U. , A. Igeda , and T. A. Trautner . 1981 . Plasmid transformation in Bacillus subtilis: effects of insertion of Bacillus subtilis DNA into plasmid pC194 . Mol. Gen. Genet. 181 : 434 - 440 .","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Genet."},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00267617","article-title":"The relationship between molecular structure and transforming efficiency of some S. aureus plasmids isolated from B. subtilis","volume":"166","author":"Canoad U.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Canoad , U. , G. Morell , and T. A. Trautner . 1978 . The relationship between molecular structure and transforming efficiency of some S. aureus plasmids isolated from B. subtilis . Mol. Gen. Genet. 166 : 259 - 267 .","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Genet."},{"key":"p_5","unstructured":"Dubnau D. 1976. Genetic transformation of Bacillus subtilis: a review with emphasis on the recombination mechanism p. 14-27. In D. Schlessinger (ed.) Microbiology-1976. American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C."},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3664","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.8.3664","article-title":"Mechanism of integrating foreign DNA during transformation of Bacillus subtilis","volume":"75","author":"Duncan C. H.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Duncan , C. H. , G. A. Wilson , and F. E. Young . 1978 . Mechanism of integrating foreign DNA during transformation of Bacillus subtilis . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75 : 3664 - 3668 .","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00422774","article-title":"Integration and excision of a plasmid in Bacillus subtilis","volume":"182","author":"Galizzi A.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Galizzi , A. , F. Scoffone , G. Milanesd , and A. M. Alberdni . 1981 . Integration and excision of a plasmid in Bacillus subtilis . Mol. Gen. Genet. 182 : 99 - 105 .","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. 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Goodgal W. R. Guild and G. A. Wilson (ed.) Genetic exchange. Marcel Dekker New York."},{"key":"p_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.3.1050","article-title":"Replication of Colicin El plasmid DNA added to cell extracts","volume":"72","author":"Tomizawa J.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Tomizawa , J. , Y. Sakaklbara , and T. Kakefuda . 1975 . Replication of Colicin El plasmid DNA added to cell extracts . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72 : 1050 - 1054 .","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"p_29","unstructured":".Vasseghl H. J. Claverys and A. M. Sicard. 1981. Mechanism of integrating foreign DNA during transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae p. 137-154. In M. Polsinelli (ed.) Transformation 1980. Cotswold Press Oxford."},{"key":"p_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00270130","article-title":"Nonsense mutations in the amylomaltase gene and other loci of Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"183","author":"Weinrauch Y.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Weinrauch , Y. , and S. A. Lacks . 1981 . Nonsense mutations in the amylomaltase gene and other loci of Streptococcus pneumoniae . Mol. Gen. Genet. 183 : 7 - 12 .","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. 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