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Two abundant surface proteins, including the major antigen, are components of the\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            surface layer (S-layer). The\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            paracrystalline S-layer has previously only been found in noncapsulated vegetative cells. Here we report that the S-layer proteins are also synthesized under conditions where the poly-\u03b3-\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -glutamic acid capsule is present. Structural and immunological analyses show that the capsule is exterior to and completely covers the S-layer proteins. Nevertheless, analysis of single and double S-layer protein mutants shows that the presence of these proteins is not required for normal capsulation of the bacilli. Similarly, the S-layer proteins assemble as a two-dimensional crystal, even in the presence of the capsule. Thus, both structures are compatible, and yet neither is required for the correct formation of the other.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.180.1.52-58.1998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T16:22:46Z","timestamp":1577809366000},"page":"52-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["The Capsule and S-Layer: Two Independent and Yet Compatible Macromolecular Structures in\n            <i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Ste\u0301phane","family":"Mesnage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Toxines et Pathoge\u0301nie Bacte\u0301riennes (CNRS URA 1858)1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyne","family":"Tosi-Couture","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Station Centrale de Microscopie Electronique,2 Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Gounon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Station Centrale de Microscopie Electronique,2 Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miche\u0300le","family":"Mock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Toxines et Pathoge\u0301nie Bacte\u0301riennes (CNRS URA 1858)1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agne\u0300s","family":"Fouet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Toxines et Pathoge\u0301nie Bacte\u0301riennes (CNRS URA 1858)1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"125","article-title":"The periplasmic space and the periplasm in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria","volume":"61","author":"Beveridge T. 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