{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:35:38Z","timestamp":1791189338196,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]],"date-time":"1998-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":886291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Insertional mutagenesis was conducted on\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n            cells to screen for mutants resistant to catabolite repression. Three classes of mutants that were resistant to glucose-promoted but not mannitol-promoted catabolite repression were identified. Cloning and sequencing of the mutated genes revealed that the mutations occurred in the structural genes for (i) enzyme II of the phosphoenolpyruvate-glucose phosphotransferase (PtsG), (ii) antiterminator GlcT, which controls PtsG synthesis, and (iii) a previously uncharacterized carrier of the major facilitator superfamily, which we have designated GlcP. The last protein exhibits greatest sequence similarity to the fucose:H\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            symporter of\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            and the glucose\/galactose:H\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            symporter of\n            <jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic>\n            . In a wild-type\n            <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n            genetic background, the\n            <jats:italic>glcP<\/jats:italic>\n            ::Tn\n            <jats:italic>10<\/jats:italic>\n            mutation (i) partially but specifically relieved glucose- and sucrose-promoted catabolite repression, (ii) reduced the growth rate in minimal glucose medium, and (iii) reduced rates of [\n            <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>\n            C]glucose and [\n            <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>\n            C]methyl \u03b1-glucoside uptake. In a \u0394\n            <jats:italic>pts<\/jats:italic>\n            genetic background no phenotype was observed, suggesting that expression of the\n            <jats:italic>glcP<\/jats:italic>\n            gene required a functional phosphotransferase system. When overproduced in a \u0394\n            <jats:italic>pts<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant of\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            , GlcP could be shown to specifically transport glucose, mannose, 2-deoxyglucose and methyl \u03b1-glucoside with low micromolar affinities. Accumulation of the nonmetabolizable glucose analogs was demonstrated, and inhibitor studies suggested a dependency on the proton motive force. We conclude that\n            <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n            possesses at least two distinct routes of glucose entry, both of which contribute to the phenomenon of catabolite repression.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.180.3.498-504.1998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T16:29:59Z","timestamp":1577809799000},"page":"498-504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Characterization of Glucose-Specific Catabolite Repression-Resistant Mutants of\n            <i>Bacillus subtilis<\/i>\n            : Identification of a Novel Hexose:H\n            <sup>+<\/sup>\n            Symporter"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Ian T.","family":"Paulsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Chauvaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Milton H.","family":"Saier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.166.3.993-998.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4157(93)90015-G","article-title":"Mammalian passive glucose transporters: members of an ubiquitous family of active and passive transport proteins","volume":"1154","author":"Baldwin S. A.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Baldwin S. A. Mammalian passive glucose transporters: members of an ubiquitous family of active and passive transport proteins.Biochim. Biophys. Acta115419931749","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.3.491-497.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.11.3336-3344.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-143-5-1549","article-title":"Brucella abortus strain 2308 putative glucose and galactose transporter gene: cloning and characterization","volume":"143","author":"Essenberg R. C.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Essenberg R. C. Candler C. Nida S. K. Brucella abortus strain 2308 putative glucose and galactose transporter gene: cloning and characterization.Microbiology143199715491555","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13744","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)67083-8","article-title":"Organization and transcription of the gluconate operon, gnt, of Bacillus subtilis","volume":"261","author":"Fujita Y.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Fujita Y. Fujita T. Miwa Y. Nihashi J. Aratani Y. Organization and transcription of the gluconate operon, gnt, of Bacillus subtilis.J. Biol. Chem.26119861374413753","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.2.511-513.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8439","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.16.8439","article-title":"The Bacillus subtilis crh gene encodes a HPr-like protein involved in carbon catabolite repression","volume":"94","author":"Galinier A.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Galinier A. Haiech J. Kilhoffer M.-C. Jaquinod M. St\u00fclkes J. Deutscher J. Martin-Verstraete I. The Bacillus subtilis crh gene encodes a HPr-like protein involved in carbon catabolite repression.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA94199784398444","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Gibson\nT. J.\nStudies on the Epstein-Barr virus genome. Ph.D. thesis.\n1984\nUniversity of Cambridge\nCambridge England"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00109.x","article-title":"Phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system of Bacillus subtilis: nucleotide sequence of ptsX, ptsH and the 5\u2032-end of ptsI and evidence for a ptsHI operon","volume":"3","author":"Gonzy-Tr\u00e9boul G.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gonzy-Tr\u00e9boul G. Zagorec M. Rain-Guion M.-C. Steinmetz M. Phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system of Bacillus subtilis: nucleotide sequence of ptsX, ptsH and the 5\u2032-end of ptsI and evidence for a ptsHI operon.Mol. Microbiol.31989103112","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560040319","article-title":"Structural features of the uniporter\/symporter\/antiporter superfamily","volume":"4","author":"Goswitz V. C.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Goswitz V. C. Brooker R. J. Structural features of the uniporter\/symporter\/antiporter superfamily.Protein Sci.41995534537","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-0674(92)90090-Y","article-title":"Membrane transport proteins: implications of sequence comparisons","volume":"4","author":"Griffith J. K.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Griffith J. K. Baker M. E. Rouch D. A. Page M. G. P. Skurray R. A. Paulsen I. T. Chater K. F. Baldwin S. A. Henderson P. J. F. Membrane transport proteins: implications of sequence comparisons.Curr. Opin. Cell Biol.41992684695","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01066.x","article-title":"Identification of a novel sugar-H+ symport protein, FucP, for transport of l-fucose into Escherichia coli","volume":"12","author":"Gunn F. J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gunn F. J. Tate C. G. Henderson P. J. F. Identification of a novel sugar-H+ symport protein, FucP, for transport of l-fucose into Escherichia coli.Mol. Microbiol.121994799809","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02384.x","article-title":"Topological analyses of the l-fucose-H+ symport protein, FucP, from Escherichia coli","volume":"15","author":"Gunn F. J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gunn F. J. Tate C. G. Sansom C. E. Henderson P. J. F. Topological analyses of the l-fucose-H+ symport protein, FucP, from Escherichia coli.Mol. Microbiol.151995771783","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-440X(05)80082-X","article-title":"Sugar transport proteins","volume":"1","author":"Henderson P. J. F.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Henderson P. J. F. Sugar transport proteins.Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol.11991590601","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1990.0020","article-title":"Homologous sugar transport proteins in Escherichia coli and their relatives in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes","volume":"326","author":"Henderson P. J. F.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Henderson P. J. F. Maiden M. C. J. Homologous sugar transport proteins in Escherichia coli and their relatives in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B3261990391410","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1996.tb07959.x","article-title":"The role of the CcpA transcriptional regulator in carbon metabolism in Bacillus subtilis","volume":"135","author":"Henkin T. M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Henkin T. M. The role of the CcpA transcriptional regulator in carbon metabolism in Bacillus subtilis.FEMS Microbiol. Lett.1351996915","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1991.tb00728.x","article-title":"Catabolite repression of \u03b1-amylase gene expression in Bacillus subtilis involves a trans-acting gene product homologous to the Escherichia coli lacI and galR repressors","volume":"5","author":"Henkin T. M.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Henkin T. M. Grundy F. J. Nicholson W. L. Chambliss G. H. Catabolite repression of \u03b1-amylase gene expression in Bacillus subtilis involves a trans-acting gene product homologous to the Escherichia coli lacI and galR repressors.Mol. Microbiol.51991575584","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02252.x","article-title":"Catabolite repression in Bacillus subtilis: a global regulatory mechanism for the Gram-positive bacteria?","volume":"15","author":"Hueck C. J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hueck C. J. Hillen W. Catabolite repression in Bacillus subtilis: a global regulatory mechanism for the Gram-positive bacteria? Mol. Microbiol. 15 1995 395 401","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"1407","article-title":"Sugar transport. II. Characterization of constitutive membrane-bound enzymes II of the Escherichia coli phosphotransferase system","volume":"246","author":"Kundig W.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Kundig W. Roseman S. Sugar transport. II. Characterization of constitutive membrane-bound enzymes II of the Escherichia coli phosphotransferase system.J. Biol. Chem.246197114071418","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"Kunst\nF.\nMsadek\nT.\nRapoport\nG.\nSignal transduction network controlling degradative enzyme synthesis and competence in Bacillus subtilis Regulation of bacterial differentiation.\nPiggot\nP. J.\nMoran\nC. P.\nJr.\nYoungman\nP.\n1995\n1\n20\nASM Press\nWashington D.C"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(93)90081-W","article-title":"A major superfamily of transmembrane facilitators catalyzing uniport, symport and antiport","volume":"18","author":"Marger M. D.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Marger M. D. Saier M. H. Jr. A major superfamily of transmembrane facilitators catalyzing uniport, symport and antiport.Trends Biochem. Sci.1819931320","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","unstructured":"Miller\nJ. H.\nExperiments in molecular genetics.\n1972\nCold Spring Harbor Laboratory\nCold Spring Harbor N.Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7049","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.23.7049","article-title":"Determination of the cis sequence involved in catabolite repression of the Bacillus subtilis gnt operon: implication of a consensus sequence in catabolite repression in the genus Bacillus","volume":"18","author":"Miwa Y.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Miwa Y. Fujita Y. Determination of the cis sequence involved in catabolite repression of the Bacillus subtilis gnt operon: implication of a consensus sequence in catabolite repression in the genus Bacillus.Nucleic Acids Res.18199070497053","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124100","article-title":"Promoter-independent catabolite repression of the Bacillus subtilis gnt operon","volume":"113","author":"Miwa Y.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Miwa Y. Fujita Y. Promoter-independent catabolite repression of the Bacillus subtilis gnt operon.J. Biochem.1131993665671","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.2921662.x","article-title":"Catabolite repression of the Bacillus subtilis gnt operon exerted by two catabolite-responsive elements","volume":"23","author":"Miwa Y.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Miwa Y. Nagura K. Eguchi S. Fukuda H. Deutscher J. Fujita Y. Catabolite repression of the Bacillus subtilis gnt operon exerted by two catabolite-responsive elements.Mol. Microbiol.23199712031213","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","unstructured":"Pao S. S. I. T. Paulsen and M. H. Saier Jr. Major facilitator superfamily. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. in press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01880.x","article-title":"Analysis of the gluconate (gnt) operon of Bacillus subtilis","volume":"5","author":"Reizer A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Reizer A. Deutscher J. Saier M. H. Jr. Reizer J. Analysis of the gluconate (gnt) operon of Bacillus subtilis.Mol. Microbiol.5199110811089","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560020403","article-title":"Sequence analyses and evolutionary relationships among the energy-coupling proteins enzyme I and HPr of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system","volume":"2","author":"Reizer J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Reizer J. Hoischen C. Reizer A. Pham T. N. Saier M. H. Jr. Sequence analyses and evolutionary relationships among the energy-coupling proteins enzyme I and HPr of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system.Protein Sci.21993506521","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.118.1.250-258.1974"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"439","article-title":"14th forum in microbiology: regulation of carbon metabolism in bacteria","volume":"147","author":"Saier M. H.","year":"1996","unstructured":"14th forum in microbiology: regulation of carbon metabolism in bacteria.Res. Microbiol.SaierM. H.Jr.1471996439558","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2508(96)83997-0","article-title":"Regulatory interactions controlling carbon metabolism in bacteria: an overview","volume":"147","author":"Saier M. H.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Saier M. H. Jr. Regulatory interactions controlling carbon metabolism in bacteria: an overview.Res. Microbiol.1471996439447","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-142-2-217","article-title":"Catabolite repression and inducer control in Gram-positive bacteria","volume":"142","author":"Saier M. H.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Saier M. H. Jr. Chauvaux S. Cook G. M. Deutscher J. Paulsen I. T. Reizer J. Ye J.-J. Catabolite repression and inducer control in Gram-positive bacteria.Microbiology1421996217230","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.12.3411-3417.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"1325","article-title":"Regulation of carbon utilization","volume":"1","author":"Saier M. H.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Saier M. H. Jr. Ramseier T. M. Reizer J. Regulation of carbon utilization Escherichia coli and Salmonella: cellular and molecular biology 2nd ed. Neidhardt F. C. Curtiss R. III Ingraham J. L. Lin E. C. C. Low K. B. Magasanik B. Reznikoff W. S. Riley M. Schaechter M. Umbarger H. E. 1 1996 1325 1343 ASM Press Washington, D.C","journal-title":"Escherichia coli and Salmonella: cellular and molecular biology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","unstructured":"Sambrook\nJ.\nFritsch\nE. F.\nManiatis\nT.\nMolecular cloning: a laboratory manual\n2nd ed.\n1989\nCold Spring Harbor Laboratory\nCold Spring Harbor N.Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.6.1761-1763.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.4351797.x","article-title":"Induction of the Bacillus subtilis ptsGHI operon by glucose is controlled by a novel antiterminator, GlcT","volume":"25","author":"St\u00fclke J.","year":"1997","unstructured":"St\u00fclke J. Martin-Verstraete I. Zagorec M. Rose M. Klier A. Rapoport G. Induction of the Bacillus subtilis ptsGHI operon by glucose is controlled by a novel antiterminator, GlcT.Mol. Microbiol.2519976578","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17230","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.27.17230","article-title":"Multiple phosphorylation of SacY, a Bacillus subtilis transcriptional antiterminator negatively controlled by the phosphotransferase system","volume":"272","author":"Tortosa P.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tortosa P. Aymerich S. Lindner C. Saier M. H. Jr. Reizer J. Le Coq D. Multiple phosphorylation of SacY, a Bacillus subtilis transcriptional antiterminator negatively controlled by the phosphotransferase system.J. Biol. Chem.27219971723017237","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["Journal of Bacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JB.180.3.498-504.1998","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JB.180.3.498-504.1998","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T18:25:55Z","timestamp":1627583155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JB.180.3.498-504.1998"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,2]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JB.180.3.498-504.1998"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.180.3.498-504.1998","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9193","1098-5530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9193","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5530","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1997-07-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1997-11-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}